Part 14 (2/2)

Removed to England and called to the bar, 1840. Went to New Zealand, where he became a judge. Died in Dunedin, New Zealand. =Index=: =H= Attempts to secure Joseph Howe's support for agitation in Lower Canada, 50; Howe's reply, 50.

=Charbonnel, Armand Francois Marie de.= Roman Catholic bishop of Toronto, 1850-1860. Died, 1860. =Index=: =R= Opposes public schools, 219, 225; Ryerson's letter to, 224-225; referred to in _Globe_, 226; his letter to Ryerson, 226; his policy, 228; his complaints, 229; drafts Separate School Bill, 230; his pastoral letter, 234; resigns charge of Toronto diocese, 235.

=Charest, Dufils.= =WM= Commands party sent to heights of Levis, 103.

=Charles I= (1600-1649). King of England; succeeded to the throne, 1625.

=Index=: =Ch= His instructions to English amba.s.sador at Paris, 215; restores New France and Acadia to France, 221. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat.

Biog._

=Charles II= (1630-1685). King of England; succeeded to the throne, 1660. =Index=: =W= Annuls charter of London and other towns, 54. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Charles Emmanuel III= (1701-1773). King of Sardinia. Succeeded to the throne, 1730. =Index=: =Hd= His foreign policy, 5.

=Charlesbourg.= =WM= De Pontbriand retires to, 153.

=Charlevoix, Pierre-Francois-Xavier de= (1682-1761). First came to Canada in 1705, as an instructor in the Jesuits' College at Quebec.

Returned to France in 1709. It was at this time that he gathered the material for his _Histoire et Description Generale de la Nouvelle-France_. Again visited Canada in 1720 by order of the French government to report as to the best route for an overland expedition in search of the Western Sea. In the course of this journey visited the mission and posts of what was then the extreme western frontier of New France, returning to France in 1723, by way of Mobile. =Index=: =L= On the character of the Canadian population, 117; on the character of Frontenac, 144, 145. =F= On bravery of Canadians and indifferent conduct of French troops, 212; on Lachine ma.s.sacre, 224, 227; on old age of Francois Hertel, 235; his account of ”flag” incident in siege of Quebec, 295; on character and conduct of Frontenac, 333-336. =Ch= His opinion of Lescarbot, 37; his description of the French settlements in Canada, 243; his eulogy of Champlain, 276, 277. =Bib.=: Besides his _Histoire du Paraguay_ and _Histoire de l'Isle Espagnole ou de S. Dominique_, Charlevoix was the author of _La Vie de la Mere Marie de l'Incarnation_ and of the first general history of Canada, _Histoire et Description Generale de la Nouvelle-France_. His _Voyage dans l'Amerique Septentrionale_ was translated into English in 1756. Dr. J. G. Shea's translation of the History was published at New York in 6 vols., 1866-1872; and reprinted by F. P. Harper, New York, in 6 vols. An abridged translation of Charlevoix's _Journal_ is found in vol. 3 of French _Hist. Coll. of Louisiana_. For biog., _see_ J. E. Roy, _Essai sur Charlevoix_ (R. S. C., 1907).

=Charlottetown.= Capital of Prince Edward Island. Originally founded by the French, about 1750, and then known as Port la Joie. In 1713 it was a fortified post, with a garrison of sixty soldiers. The population numbered 1354 in 1752; and in 1758 it had been increased to over 4000 by the arrival of a large number of Acadians from the mainland. It came under British rule in 1763, and received its present name about 1768.

=Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Prince Edward Island_.

=Charlottetown Conference=, 1864. =Md= Arranged by Tupper, 104; the Canadian proposals, 104; terms of union, 107. =H= Joseph Howe invited to attend as delegate, but declines, 176-177; Sir Charles Tupper's connection with, 176-177; Nova Scotia delegates, 177; maritime union found impracticable, 178; Sir John Macdonald proposes Confederation, 178. =B= History of, 161. =T= Delegates to, 73; history of, 73-75. _See_ Quebec Conference; Macdonald; Tupper. =Bib.=: Whelan, _Union of the British Provinces_; Saunders, _Three Premiers of Nova Scotia_.

=Charny-Lauzon.= _See_ Lauzon-Charny.

=Charron, Jean-Francois.= =L= Charitable work of, and of his brother, 125; house of charity established by, 245; death of, 246.

=Chartier de Lotbiniere, Eustache Gaspard Michel.= =Dr= Advised in connection with question of Canadian laws, 63, 68; elected Speaker of the a.s.sembly, 277.

=Chartier de Lotbiniere, Rene Louis.= =L= Appointed to Sovereign Council, 166. =F= Member of the Sovereign Council, 106.

=Charton, Francois.= =Ch= Jesuit, 152; returns to France, 208.

=Chastes, Aymar de.= =Ch= Governor of Dieppe, obtains charter for colonization of Canada, 8; suggests that Champlain should visit Canada, 9; death of, 9. =F= Trading patent granted to, 3; his death, 5.

=Chateau de Ramezay.= At Montreal. =Index=: =Hd= Purchased for government house, 186; belonged to William Grant, 186. =BL= Government offices in, during Elgin's governors.h.i.+p, 325.

=Chateau Haldimand.= At Quebec. =Index=: =Hd= Foundation stone laid by Haldimand, 344; used as school in connection with Laval University until 1892, then pulled down, 344.

=Chateau St. Louis.= At Quebec. Commenced by Governor de Montmagny, 1647, and completed by his successor, D'Ailleboust. Demolished, 1694, and rebuilt with new wing. Enlarged, 1723; and in 1808 renovated and again enlarged, by government of Lower Canada. Up to the close of French regime, it was the official residence of the governors of Canada; and after the cession, their British successors continued to occupy the building. It was destroyed by fire, 1834. The Chateau Frontenac hotel now stands immediately back of the site of the Chateau St. Louis, which occupied part of what is now Dufferin Terrace. _See_ Habitation de Quebec. =Index=: =F= Construction begun, 15. =Bk= Description of, 90; occupied by Sir James Craig, 90. =Hd= Governor's residence at Quebec, 169, 222, 304, 314; b.a.l.l.s at, 223; wing added by Haldimand named in his honour, 344. =Bib.=: Gagnon, _Le Fort el la Chateau St. Louis_; Doughty, _Fortress of Quebec_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.

=Chateaufort, Marc Antoine Bras-de-fer de.= =F= Interim governor after death of Champlain, 27.

=Chateauguay.= Battle in War of 1812, Oct. 26, 1813. The stream from which the battle took its name, rises in Franklin County, New York, and falls into the St. Lawrence a few miles above Caughnawaga. The scene of the battle was about six miles above the confluence of the English with Chateauguay River. Hampton was in command of the Americans, and De Salaberry commanded the Canadian troops, with Colonel Macdonell in charge of the reserves. Although the former had an overwhelmingly superior force, the result of the battle was in favour of the Canadians; and the contemplated attack on Montreal was abandoned. The battle was won by French-Canadian militia under a French-Canadian commander. _See also_ War of 1812; Salaberry. =Bib.=: Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_; Lighthall, _An Account of the Battle of Chateauguay_; Macdonell, _The Early Settlement and History of Glengarry in Canada_; Kingsford, _History of Canada_.

=Chateauneuf, Pierre Antoine de Castaguere, Marquis de= (1644-1728).

=Ch= French amba.s.sador in London, instructions to, 214.

=Chatel, Aimee.= =L= Member of the Congregation de Notre Dame, 91.

=Chatham, William Pitt, first Earl of= (1708-1778). The ”Great Commoner,” who brought England ”to a height of prosperity and glory unknown to any former age.” He urged continually a conciliatory policy towards America, until it became apparent that the colonists would be satisfied with nothing less than independence. His broad outlook and unerring instinct in the choice of men were chiefly responsible for the triumphs of British policy at home and abroad. Sent Boscawen and Amherst to the capture of Louisbourg, and Wolfe and Saunders to victory at Quebec. =Index=: =Dr= Opposes Quebec Act, 65. =Bib.=: Almon, _Anecdotes and Speeches of Chatham_; Rosebery, _William Pitt_; Green, _William Pitt, Earl of Chatham_; _Correspondence of William Pitt with Colonial Governors_, ed. by Kimball. _See_ his letters and instructions to Wolfe, Saunders, and Amherst, in Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_, and Wood, _Logs of Conquest of Canada_.

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