Part 14 (1/2)
=Chabot, J.= (1807-1860). Born at St. Charles, Bellecha.s.se, Lower Canada. Studied law and practised in Quebec. Sat in the a.s.sembly for Quebec, 1843-1850; for Bellecha.s.se, 1851-1854; and for Quebec, 1854-1856. Became chief commissioner of public works, 1849, and again in 1852; government director of the Grand Trunk, 1854; and Seigniorial Tenure commissioner the same year. Appointed judge of the Superior Court of Lower Canada, 1856. =Index=: =E= Commissioner of public works, 1853, 126; and again in coalition ministry, 1854, 141; votes against secularization of the Clergy Reserves, 164; commissioner under Seigniorial Tenure law, 186. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Dent, _Last Forty Years_.
=Chalmers, Thomas.= =R= Offered, but declines, charge of educational policy in Upper Canada, 37.
=Chamberlain, Joseph= (1836- ). British statesman. =Mc= Justifies Upper Canada Rebellion, 29, 30. =Bib.=: _Who's Who_.
=Chambers, Captain.= =Bk= Sent to Moraviantown to oppose enemy, 219, 235; in command of 2d Brigade, 247.
=Chambly, Jacques de.= An officer of the Carignan Regiment; built Fort St. Louis, on the Richelieu, 1665, and given its command. In 1672 the seigniory of Chambly granted to him. Succeeded De Grandfontaine as governor of Acadia; transferred to Grenada; and later to Martinique, where he died. =Index=: =F= Appointed governor of Acadia, 90, 269; taken prisoner to Boston and there set at liberty, 269; again governor, 270; governor of Grenada (W. I.), 270. =Bib.=: Sulte, _Regiment de Carignan_ (R. S. C., 1902).
=Chambly.= Fort, otherwise known as St. Louis, on the Richelieu. Built by Jacques de Chambly, 1665. =Index=: =F= Fort erected at, 51. =Dr= Captured by Montgomery, 99; abandoned, 146. =L= Fort erected at, 53.
=Hd= Weak defences of, 134.
=Champdore.= =Ch= Carpenter to De Monts's expedition, 22.
=Champlain, Antoine.= =Ch= Father of Samuel Champlain, 1.
=Champlain, Samuel= (1567?-1635). =WM= His elevated sentiments, 20. =Ch= Birth and education, 1; sails to West Indies, Mexico, and Panama in command of Spanish vessel, 3, 4; suggests channel through isthmus, 5; captures English vessels and returns to France, 6; publishes account of travels, 7; obtains pension and made hydrographer to king of France, 8; accepts offer of Aymar de Chastes of Dieppe to go to Canada, 9; arrives at Tadoussac, 10; explores Saguenay, 12; ascends St. Lawrence to Sault St. Louis, anchors at Quebec, and explores Gaspesia, 13; sails for France, 14; submits narrative of his voyages to the king, 14; accompanies De Monts to Acadia, 19; explores country and gives names to places, 19; describes river St. John, 20; discovers a copper mine, 22; makes plan of Ste. Croix Island, 24; explores coast of Norembega, 25; describes Pentagouet (Pen.o.bscot) River, 27; further explorations, 30; describes settlement at Port Royal, 32; returns to France, 37; sails for Quebec, 40; resists Basque traders, 40; arrives at Quebec, 41; conspiracy formed against, 42; execution of chief conspirator, 43; explores vicinity of Quebec, 44; illness, 46; fits out expedition against Iroquois, 47; conference with Huron chiefs, 48; his Indian policy, 49-52; encounter with Iroquois on Lake Champlain, 53; sails for France, 54; has audience with the king, 55; consults with De Monts, 56; returns to Canada, 59; arrives at Quebec, 61; proceeds again to attack Iroquois, 61; wounded in encounter near mouth of Richelieu River, 62; returns to Quebec, 63; hears of the a.s.sa.s.sination of Henry IV, and sails for France, 64; marries Helene Boulle, 65-67; returns to Canada, 67; arrives at Quebec, 68; makes a clearing at Montreal, 69; names St.
Helen's Island after his wife, 69; sails for France, 70; final interview with De Monts, 71; motives for pursuing his work in Canada, 72, 82; becomes lieutenant in Canada of Charles de Bourbon, Comte de Soissons, 73; on death of Soissons, becomes lieutenant of the Prince de Conde and returns to Canada, 73; arrives at Quebec and proceeds to Falls of St.
Louis, 74; goes up the Ottawa River, 75; his astrolabe, 76; sails for France, 79; engages the services of missionaries for Canada, 83; brings to Canada three Recollet fathers and one friar, 85; arriving at Quebec, proceeds to Falls of St. Louis, 85; ascends Ottawa River, pa.s.ses through Lake Nip.i.s.sing into Georgian Bay and reaches territory of Hurons, 88; proceeds with Hurons on another campaign against Iroquois, 101; wounded in fight with Iroquois, 103; desires to return to Quebec, but is detained by Hurons, 103; settles quarrel between Algonquians and Hurons, 105; returns to Quebec, 106; convokes meeting to consider question of missions, 108; sails for France, 111; returns to Canada (1617), 112; sails for France (1618), 116; returns to Canada (1620), 121; his projects for the advancement of Canada, 124, 125; obtains letter from the king in his favour, 126; his commission renewed by Duc de Montmorency, 129; takes his wife to Canada, 129; receives letters from Montmorency and the king, 130, 131; his difficulties with rival Companies, 132, 136; confirmed as lieutenant of viceroy, 137; salary and trading privileges, 138; publishes ordinances, 139; returns to France with his wife (1624), 141; meets Montmorency, 150; appointed by the Duc de Ventadour as his lieutenant, 152; sails for Canada (1626), 155; arrives at Quebec, 156; fortifies Cape Diamond, 157; reconstructs Fort St. Louis, 158; his treatment of the Indians, 159; tries to make an alliance with Iroquois, 160; his policy towards the Montagnais, 162; imprisons Montagnais suspected of murder, 165; receives three young Montagnais girls to be educated, 165; one of the Hundred a.s.sociates (Company of New France), 170; forms establishment at Cap Tourmente, 171; criticizes conduct of Roquemont, 175; summoned by David Kirke to surrender Quebec, 176; his answer, 178; builds mill for grinding pease, 180; sends part of population of Quebec to Gaspe, 181; a.s.serts superiority of his commission over Pont-Grave's, 182; summoned by Kirke to surrender Quebec, 188; capitulates, 190; his action criticized, 192, 193; signs articles of capitulation on board Kirke's s.h.i.+p, 195; delayed several weeks at Tadoussac, 204; his two Indian girls, Esperance and Charite, taken back by the Indians, 205; embarks for France, 206; goes to London and sees French amba.s.sador, 207; shows him map of the country, 211; names given by, to harbours and rivers of New England, 212; crosses over to France, and has interview with the king, 212; returns to Quebec (1633), 228; takes active part in civilization of Micmacs, 237; erects chapel of Notre Dame de la Recouvrance, 238; his bequest to it, 239; appointed governor, by Company of New France (Hundred a.s.sociates), 244; his last letter to Cardinal Richelieu, 246; defrays expenses of some families coming to Canada, 250; approves of exclusion of Protestants as settlers, 255; his piety, 258; death, 261; question of his tomb, 261; his will, 265; will set aside, 266; character and fame, 267; monument to, 268, 275; the Father of New France, 269; crossed the Atlantic twenty times, 270; his conduct towards and influence over Indian tribes, 271; his Indian alliances, 272; his writings, 274, 275; eulogies p.r.o.nounced on, 276-279. =F= Early career of, 3; sails for St. Lawrence and explores river to Lachine Rapids, 4; explores Baie des Chaleurs, returns to France, 5; accompanies De Monts to Acadia, 7; founder of Quebec, 8; plot against his life, 8; expedition against Iroquois, 9; returns to France and sails again for Canada, 10; returns to France, marries, and sails again for Canada, 11; prospects island of Montreal, 12; returns to France (1611), sails for Canada (1613), again to France, again to Canada (1615), 13; brings out Recollet missionaries, 13; heads another expedition against Iroquois, 14; begins construction of Chateau St.
Louis, 15; surrenders Quebec to English under Kirke, 20; lands in England, 21; urges rest.i.tution of Canada, 22; sails for Quebec (1633), 24; death of, 26. =L= His anxiety for the propagation of the faith, 4; his pious administration, 8. =Bib.=: Works: _[OE]uvres de Champlain_ (Laverdiere), 1870; _Voyages_ (Laverdiere), 1870; _Voyages_ (trans. by Otis, with memoir by Slafter), 1878-1882; Grant, _Voyages of Samuel de Champlain_; Bourne, _Champlain's Voyages_; Biggar, _Works of Samuel de Champlain_ (Champlain Society, _in prep._). For bib. of the original editions, _see_ Harrisse, _Notes pour Servir_, etc. For biog., _see_ Gravier, _Vie de Samuel Champlain_; Sedgwick, _Samuel de Champlain_; Dix, _Champlain: the Founder of New France_; Verreau, _Samuel de Champlain_ (R. S. C., 1899); Parkman, _Pioneers of France_; Dent, _Can.
Por._
=Champlain Lake.= Discovered by Samuel Champlain, July, 1609. Here took place the first hostile encounter between the French and the Iroquois.
The French were the aggressors, and had bitter enough cause to remember the fact throughout the century. In 1666 the Sieur de la Motte built a fort on ile La Motte, which was afterwards abandoned. Fort St. Frederic was built at Crown Point, 1731. It was enlarged and strengthened in 1734, and again in 1742. Lake Champlain became the war thoroughfare, not merely between the Iroquois and French, but between New France and New England. Fort Carillon was built, 1755-1756. With this lake are a.s.sociated the names of Dieskau and Sir William Johnson, Montcalm and Abercrombie, Ethan Allen and Montgomery. =Index=: =F= Champlain reaches, in his expedition against the Iroquois, 9, 10. =Hd= Canada to be attacked by way of, 34; trouble among the settlers on, 89, 197; guarding against invasion from, 125, 133, 134; Major Carleton on, 149; messengers intercepted on, 129; forts captured by Ethan Allen, 198; Vermont negotiations held upon, 204; fear of rebel approach by, 208, 216; Ethan Allen offers to meet Haldimand upon, 214; Loyalists on sh.o.r.es of, 250.
=WM= Montcalm at, 32, 34; 54-61; forts on, evacuated by Bourlamaque, 146. =Dr= Armed craft on, captured, 82; Americans evacuate Canada by way of, 146; route of attack on New England, 147; Carleton builds a fleet on, 149; description of the lake, 153; Carleton defeats Arnold on, 154-157. =Ch= Encounter with Iroquois at southern extremity of, 53.
=Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Crockett, _History of Lake Champlain_; Smith, _Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony_; Reid, _Lake George and Lake Champlain_; Palmer, _History of Lake Champlain_. _See_ bib. note in Crockett.
=Chandler, Edward Barron= (1800-1880). Elected to New Brunswick a.s.sembly, 1827, for Westmoreland, which he represented until 1836, when called to Legislative Council. Became executive councillor, 1844.
Engaged in negotiations for Intercolonial Railway, 1850-1852; reciprocity, 1854; and Confederation, 1865. Succeeded Tilley as lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 1878. =Index=: =W= Sent by New Brunswick a.s.sembly to lay grievances before colonial secretary, 24; becomes member of government, 72; resigns, 76. =T= Goes to London to secure support for Intercolonial, 26-27; 54; member of Executive Council, 1856, 41; delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 73; to Quebec Conference, 77; Confederation delegate to England, 120. =H= Joins Joseph Howe in mission to Toronto on behalf of Intercolonial Railway project, 137; secures support of New Brunswick government, 139; his speech at Amherst on behalf of Howe, 140; accompanies Hincks to England on Intercolonial Railway mission, 142. =B= Complains at Quebec Conference, that proposed union legislative, not federal, 163. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_; Dent, _Can. Por._
=Chandler, Samuel.= =Mc= Aids Mackenzie's escape, 397.
=Chansons of French Canada.= Most of the inimitable folk-songs of Quebec came in their original form from France, and have undergone more or less of a transformation in their new environment. A few originated in French Canada. =Index=: =C= _Chansons de ronde_ among the habitants, 119-120; at Cartier's house, 123. =Bib.=: Gagnon, _Chansons populaire_; McLennan, _Songs of old Canada_; Burpee, _Songs of French Canada_; Wood, _Footnotes to Canadian Folk-Songs_ (R. S. C., 1896); Bourinot, _Songs of Forest and River_ in _Rose-Belford Monthly_, 1877; _French Songs of Old Canada_, pictured by W. Graham Robertson; Tiersot, _French Folk-Songs_.
=Chapais, Jean Charles= (1812-1885). Born in Riviere Ouelle, Quebec.
Member of the Executive Council and commissioner of public works, 1864-1867. In 1867 privy councillor and minister of agriculture; and 1869-1873 receiver-general. In 1868 called to the Senate. =Index=: =T= Delegate to Quebec Conference, 76; minister of agriculture in first Dominion Cabinet, 129. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_.
=Chapais, Joseph Amable Thomas= (1858- ). Educated at Laval University.
Called to the bar, 1879. Edited _Le Courrier du Canada_ since 1884.
Appointed member of Legislative Council of Quebec, 1892, and elected Speaker, 1895; president of the Executive Council, 1896, and minister of colonization, 1897. =Index=: =F= His work on Talon referred to, 57.
=Bib.=: Works: _Jean Talon, Intendant de la Nouvelle France_; _Discours et Conferences_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.
=Chapleau, Sir Joseph Adolphe= (1840-1898). Studied law and called to the bar, 1861. Elected to Quebec Legislature, 1867, and successively solicitor-general, and provincial secretary, of the province. Premier of Quebec, 1879. Entered Dominion Cabinet, 1882, as secretary of state.
Appointed lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 1892; knighted, 1896. =Bib.=: Works: _Leon XIII, Homme d'etat_; _Question des Chemins de Fer_. For biog., _see J. A. Chapleau: Sa Biographie et Ses Discours_; Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._
=Chapman, Henry Samuel= (1803-1881). Born in England. Came to Canada, 1823, and established at Montreal the _Daily Advertiser_, the first daily newspaper published in British America, 1833. Connected with several other newspapers. A strong supporter of the Reform party.