Part 15 (1/2)

=Chaumonot, Joseph.= Came to Canada, 1639, with Madame de la Peltrie, Marie de l'Incarnation, and Fathers Vimont and Poncet. Accompanied Brebeuf as missionary to the Neutral Nation, whose country was along the north sh.o.r.e of Lake Erie, 1640. Sent to the Onondagas, 1655. Missionary in charge of the Hurons at Old Lorette, where, in 1674, he built the chapel in honour of Our Lady of Loretto. Died, Feb. 21, 1693. =Index=: =L= Accompanies mission to Gannentaha, 65; chief promoter of cult of Holy Family, 86. =Bib.=: Shea, _Vie de Chaumonot_; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_; Campbell, _Pioneer Priests of North America_.

=Chaussegros de Lery, Gaspard= (1682-1756). Sent to Canada in 1716 to superintend the fortifications of Quebec, Montreal, and other places in the colony. Prepared a plan of the cathedral at Quebec in 1725; and of the fortifications at Quebec in 1730. Mentioned as having been at Fort St. Frederic in 1742; made a plan of Detroit in 1750. =Index=: =L= Makes plans for entrance to Montreal church, 90. =WM= Criticized by Montcalm, 79. =Bib.=: _Traite de Fortification_.

=Chaussegros de Lery, Gaspard-Joseph.= Son of preceding. Engineer; made a legislative councillor, in 1774.

=Chauveau, Pierre Joseph Olivier= (1820-1890). Born at Quebec. Educated at Quebec; studied law and called to the bar of Lower Canada. First entered public life, 1844, defeating John Neilson in Quebec County.

Represented the same const.i.tuency in the a.s.sembly until 1855.

Solicitor-general, in Hincks-Morin ministry, 1851; and provincial secretary, 1853. In 1855 succeeded Dr. Meilleur as chief superintendent of education of Lower Canada. In 1867 elected to the Dominion Parliament, as well as to the Quebec House, and the same year formed a provincial ministry. Resigned, 1873, and the same year Speaker of the Senate, retiring in 1874. Three years later sheriff of Montreal.

=Index=: =Md= Leader of Quebec government, 141; the appointment revealed Macdonald's judgment, 141-142. =C= Conservative leader in Quebec, 24; superintendent of public instruction, 24, 37; premier of Quebec, 68; his character, 68. =E= One of leaders of the opposition in 1847, 45; returned in elections of 1848, 50; Solicitor-general for Lower Canada, 113; provincial secretary in Hincks ministry, 126; and in MacNab-Morin government, 141; votes against secularization of the Clergy Reserves, 164. =Bib.=: Works: _Charles Guerin, Roman de Moeurs Canadiennes_; _Francois-Xavier Garneau, Sa Vie et Ses [OE]uvres_; _L'Instruction Publique au Canada_; _Souvenirs et Legendes_. For biog., _see_ Dent, _Can. Por._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Morgan, _Cel. Can._

=Chauvin, Pierre, Sieur de Tonnetuit.= A Huguenot, born at Dieppe.

Appointed captain of the garrison at Honfleur, 1589. Obtained trading monopoly for ten years in Canada. Made a trading voyage to Canada, 1600, bringing out a few colonists, whom he landed at Tadoussac. Sailed again the following year, with a larger fleet, but no colonists; and again in 1602. Died, 1603. =Index=: =Ch= Attempts to form settlement at Tadoussac, 8; left in charge of Quebec colony, 54. =F= Obtains patent for exclusive trade in Canada, 2; sails for the St. Lawrence, 3. =Bib.=: Biggar, _Early Trading Companies of New France_.

=Chedabucto=, now known as Guysborough, Nova Scotia. =Index=: =F= Frontenac arrives at, 232.

=Cheffault.= =Ch= Agent of Company of New France, 244.

=Cherououng.= =Ch= Montagnais chief, sent on emba.s.sy to Iroquois, 163.

=Chesapeake.= =Bk= Affair of, 82-86.

=Childers, Hugh Culling Eardley= (1827-1896). Entered the House of Commons, 1860; financial secretary, 1865-1866; first lord of the Admiralty and privy councillor, 1868. In 1875 came to Canada on Lord Dufferin's invitation as a commissioner under the Prince Edward Island Land Purchase Act. Secretary of state for war, 1880-1882; chancellor of the exchequer, 1882-1885; and home secretary, 1886. =Index=: =W= Commissioner under Land Purchase Act, 136. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Chimeourimou.= =Ch= Montagnais chief, sent on emba.s.sy to Iroquois, 163.

=Chipman.= =W= Judge of Supreme Court, New Brunswick, 8; one of Maine Boundary commissioners, 8.

=Chipman, Ward.= =W= Judge of Supreme Court, New Brunswick, 8; succeeds Saunders as chief justice, 74; resigns, 129. =T= Resigns as chief justice, 17.

=Chippewa Indians.= A large tribe, of Algonquian stock, formerly ranging along both sh.o.r.es of Lakes Huron and Superior, and westward as far as North Dakota. First mentioned in the Jesuit _Relation_ of 1640, as living around Sault Ste. Marie. During the eighteenth century, they fought successfully against the Sioux, Foxes, and Iroquois. They numbered in 1764 about 25,000; and at the present time count over 30,000, of whom about one-half are on reservations in Canada. =Index=: =Hd= Sioux offer to attack, 148. =Bib.=: Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_; Schoolcraft, _Indian Tribes_; Grant, _Sauteux Indians_ in Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_.

=Chisholm, G. C.= =Sy= Sergeant-at-arms of Legislative a.s.sembly, 334.

=Chittenden, Thomas= (1730-1797). First governor of Vermont, 1778-1797.

=Index=: =Hd= Claims separation of Vermont from New York, 201; negotiates with Haldimand, 202; General Was.h.i.+ngton's letter to, 212-213; Ira Allen's proposed treaty with, 214-215. =Bib.=: Chipman, _Thomas Chittenden_; _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Choiseul, etienne-Francois, Duc de= (1719-1785). Minister of foreign affairs; signed the treaty of 1759 with Austria; minister of war, 1761.

=Index=: =WM= French minister, glad to get rid of Canada, 11.

=Cholera Epidemic=, 1832 and 1834. =P= Imported by immigrants, 87; government blamed for neglect to provide quarantine, 88; committee formed to inquire into causes, etc., 88-89; one of the grievances in the Ninety-Two Resolutions, 89. _See also_ Epidemics.

=Chouageun.= _See_ Oswega.

=Chouart= _dit_ =des Groseilliers, Medard=. Born in France about 1621.

Came to Canada, 1642. After serving the Jesuits for some years as a _donne_, or lay helper, engaged in the fur trade, and with his brother-in-law Radisson (_q.v._) made extensive explorations in the West and North, 1659-1663. With Radisson afterwards went to England and was instrumental in establis.h.i.+ng the Hudson's Bay Company, and laying the foundations of its gigantic fur trading monopoly on the sh.o.r.es of Hudson Bay. =Bib.=: Dionne, _Chouart et Radisson_ (R. S. C., 1893); Sulte, _Radisson in the North-West_ (R. S. C., 1904); Sulte, _Decouverte du Mississippi_ (R. S. C., 1903); Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Pathfinders of the West_ and _Conquest of the Great North-West_.

=Christian Doctrine, Brothers of the.= =L= Arrival of, in Canada, 125.

=Christian Guardian.= =R= Founded at York (Toronto), 1829, 82; Egerton Ryerson, first editor, 82; exponent of Methodist views on religious, educational, and political questions, 82-83; its policy, 94-95; Ryerson's articles in, 96, 97, 98, 100, 109, 110, 134, 137.

=Christie, Alexander.= =MS= Chief factor, Hudson's Bay Company, and later governor of a.s.siniboia, 222. =Bib.=: Ryerson, _Story of my Life_.