Part 13 (1/2)
=Caron, Sir Joseph Philippe Rene Adolphe= (1843-1908). Born in Quebec.
Studied law; entered public life in 1873 as member of Dominion House for Quebec County; elected for Rimouski, 1891. Minister of militia and defence, 1880-1892; postmaster-general, 1892. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can.
Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._
=Caron, Rene edouard= (1800-1876). Born in the parish of Ste. Anne, Lower Canada. Educated at the Seminary of Quebec and at St. Pierre College; studied law and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1826. Mayor of Quebec, 1833-1837; sat in a.s.sembly, 1834-1836; appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Lower Canada by Lord Gosford, but did not take his seat. Member of the Legislative Council of Canada, 1841; Speaker, 1843-1847 and 1848-1853; member of the La Fontaine-Baldwin government and of the Hincks-Morin government; judge of the Superior Court of Quebec, 1853; afterwards judge of the Court of Queen's Bench and judge of the Seigniorial Court. =Index=: =BL= Mayor of Quebec, and member of Legislative Council, 1841, 83; a man of liberal views, 83; member of La Fontaine's ministry, 83; Speaker of Legislative Council--acts as go-between for Draper and La Fontaine, 259-263; president of Legislative Council, 284. =E= Refuses to enter Draper ministry, 43; becomes president of Council in first La Fontaine-Baldwin Cabinet, 53; leading member of Liberal party in Lower Canada, 109; president of Council in Hincks-Morin government, 113; raised to Bench, 126; judge of Seigniorial Court, 187. =Bib.=: Turcotte, _R. E. Caron_; Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Dent, _Last Forty Years_ and _Can. Por._
=Carondelet.= =S= Spanish governor of Louisiana, his proposition to Simcoe to a.s.sist in repelling expected French invasion, 134-136.
=Carroll, Charles= (1737-1832). Represented Maryland in the Congress at Philadelphia, 1776, and signed the Declaration of Independence.
Afterwards elected to the Senate of Maryland and the federal Senate.
=Index=: =Dr= Accompanies Franklin to Canada, 135. Bib.: _Cyc. Am.
Biog._
=Carter, Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington= (1819-1900). Born at St.
John's, Newfoundland. Studied law and called to the bar of Newfoundland, 1842; appointed Q. C., 1859. Member of the Legislative a.s.sembly, 1855-1878; Speaker, 1861-1865; premier, 1865-1870 and 1874-1878; knighted, 1878; chief-justice of Newfoundland, 1880. Represented Newfoundland at the Quebec Conference, 1864. =Index=: =T= Speaker of Newfoundland a.s.sembly, delegate to Quebec Conference, 77. =Bib.=: Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=Carter, Sir James= (1805-1878). Born in England. Educated at Cambridge; called to the bar, 1832. In 1834 a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, and in 1851 chief-justice of the province, retiring on a pension in 1865. In 1859 knighted. Spent the latter part of his life in England. =Index=: =W= Appointed to New Brunswick Bench and afterwards chief-justice, 74, 130; releases Doak and Hill, 75. =T= Appointed to New Brunswick Bench, 17, 31; resigns as chief-justice, 1865, 93. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.
=Cartier, Sir Georges etienne= (1814-1873). =Md= a.s.sociated with Macdonald in MacNab-Tache ministry, 75; forms administration, 86-88; member of mission to England to confer with British government on Confederation, defence, reciprocity, etc., 120; acquisition of North-West Territories, 156-157; supports demand of Red River for self-government, 160; takes advantage of Macdonald's illness to attempt to forestall the Wolseley expedition, 161-162; leads the House during Macdonald's absence in Was.h.i.+ngton, 173; defeated in Montreal, his influence weakened in Quebec, 195; his early life and alliance with Macdonald, 266; his splendid work for Confederation and its inadequate recognition, 267; the C. B. replaced by a baronetcy, 267; his defeat in Montreal East, 1872, 268; his death in England in 1873, 268; Macdonald's tribute to, on unveiling of his statue, 268. =T= Delegate to England in union negotiations, 63; at Charlottetown Conference, 74; at Quebec Conference, 76; presented to the queen, 124; in first Confederation ministry, 129. =P= A man of action, 1; lacking hi personal magnetism, 2; compared with Papineau, 2; blames Papineau and his friends for expelling Mondelet from a.s.sembly, 72. =E= On Papineau's responsibility for amendment to Union Act, 122; first elected to Legislature in 1849--government candidate for speakers.h.i.+p in 1854, defeated, 135,136; his statue, 226. =C= Follows Papineau, 1; subsequent loyalty to British const.i.tution, 1; born at St. Antoine, on the Richelieu, 3; a descendant of Jacques Cartier, 3; parentage, 3; education, 3-5; Papineau's influence, 5; studies law with edouard Rodier, 7; Rodier's influence, 7; the poet of _Les Fils de la Liberte_, 7; takes part in the Rebellion, 7, 8; his escape and exile, 8-9; returns to Montreal, 9; statesmanlike att.i.tude towards Union Act, 16; takes the field against D. B. Viger, 17; his maiden speech, 17, 19; bitterness against Papineau, 18; enters the a.s.sembly, 1849, for Vercheres, 21; a born leader, 21; offered seat in Hincks-Morin ministry, 1851, and again in 1853, 22; enters Cabinet, 1855, 22; his law practice, 22-23; causes of his success as a political leader, 23-24; and clerical influence, 28; helped by Radicalism of Liberals, 29; defeated at general election, 1872, by _Le Parti National_, 30; member of Executive Council, 1855, 31; alliance with Sir Allan MacNab and John A. Macdonald, 31, 33; urges settlement of Seigniorial Tenure, 32; his political principles, 32-33; defends alliance with Upper Canada Conservatives, 33-34; bitterly attacked in Vercheres election, 34; breadth of his political activities, 35; reorganizes system of public instruction, 37-38; protects interests of Protestant minority, 38; establishes judicial districts, 38; codifies the laws, 39; gives civil status to parishes, 39-40; his independence, 40-41; his interest in railways and other means of transportation, 45-50; his connection with Pacific Scandal, 53-54; works for Confederation, 55-56; insists on the federal principle, 57-58; and Confederation, 59-65: delegate to London to see British North America Act through Parliament, 67; guest of the queen, 67; elected practically without opposition, 67; premier of Canada, 1858, 62, 67; advises Lord Monck to intrust Tache with duty of forming Cabinet, 68; purchase of Hudson's Bay Company's territories, 68; his definition of the position of French-Canadians, 69; ignores Bishop Tache's warning as to trouble in North-West, 70; introduces Manitoba Bill, 71; safeguards interests of Roman Catholics in Manitoba as to their schools, 71-73; separate schools in New Brunswick, 73; defends federal policy of non-interference, 74-76; loses support of the Ultramontanes, 79-84; defeated in Montreal East, 84; his illness, 85; resigns upon defeat of Militia Bill, 1862, 87; reorganizes the militia, 1868, 87-88; his speeches on British connection, 92; protests against withdrawal of British troops, 92; his political wisdom, 98; establishes political union of the country, 99-100; secret of his Power, 101; relations towards Macdonald, 101-103; his character and policy, 105-108; his personal appearance, 108; his optimism and humour, 109-110; his conservatism, 111; advice to his fellow-countrymen, 112; views on property, 113-114; his economic creed, 115-116; Sir Wilfrid Laurier on, 116-117; religious views, 117; early home influences, 118-122; his social qualities, 122-124; difficulty over his refusal of the honour of C. B., 124-129; made a baronet, 128; quarrel with Wolseley, 130; his last appearance in Parliament, 131; his health breaks down, 131-132; his death in London, May 23, 1873, 132. =B= And the ”Double Shuffle,” 107; called on in 1864 to form ministry, but fails, 149; Brown's motion for const.i.tutional changes, 1864, 150; meeting with Brown, 152; Brown's alliance with, for Confederation, 153; suggested by John A. Macdonald as premier of coalition ministry, 191; asks Brown to reconsider his resignation, 196; his prejudice against the Rouges, 200; compared with Joseph Howe, 204. =H= Accompanies Sir John Macdonald to Halifax in 1868, 210. =Bib.=: Author of _Speeches on the Militia Bill_, and of the popular song, _O Canada! Mon Pays, Mes Amours!_ For biog., _see_ David, _Esquisse Biographique_; Morgan, _Cel.
Can._: Taylor, _Brit. Am._: Dent. _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Turcotte, _Sir G. E. Cartier_.
=Cartier, Jacques= (1491-1557). In 1534, sailing out of St. Malo, made his first voyage to the New World, entering the Gulf of St. Lawrence by way of the Straits of Belle Isle, landing on the Gaspe sh.o.r.e, and coasting around the eastern end of Anticosti. Returned to France. The following year again sailed to the gulf, and entered the river St.
Lawrence. Continuing his voyage, pa.s.sed the mouth of the Saguenay, and landed on the Island of Orleans, which he named ile Bacchus. Brought his little s.h.i.+ps into the St. Charles River, upon whose banks stood the Indian village of Stadacone. After exploring the St. Lawrence as far as the Indian town of Hochelaga (Montreal), returned to Stadacone, where he wintered. In the spring of 1536 sailed back to France, taking with him the Iroquois chief, Donnacona. In 1541, made a third voyage to Canada.
Roberval was to have followed with a number of colonists, but did not actually sail until the spring of 1542. When he reached Newfoundland, he met Cartier on his way home. Roberval's colony proved disastrous, and Cartier undertook a fourth voyage to the New World to rescue the survivors. =Index=: =Ch= Names Hare Island, 13; ravages of scurvy among his men, 23; finds a remedy in the plant _aneda_, 29; Membertou pretends to have met him in 1534, 36; his winter quarters identified by Champlain, 44-45; his Riviere de Fouez identified as the St. Maurice, 52. =F= His voyages, 1; attempt at colonization, 2. =L= With his men, receives communion from bishop of St. Malo, 7. =C= Sir Georges e.
Cartier a descendant of the explorer's family, 3. =Bib.=: For a complete list of the original editions of Cartier's voyages, _see_ Harrisse, _Notes pour Servir_, etc. Tross, Paris, reprinted them as follows: D'Avezac, _Bref Recit et Succinte Narration de la Navigation Faite par le Capitaine Jacques Cartier aux iles de Canada_, etc. (1863); Michelant et Rame, _Voyage de Jacques Cartier au Canada en 1534_ (1865); Michelant et Rame, _Relation Originale, du Voyage de Jacques Cartier au Canada en 1534_ (1867). The first English version is that of Florio (1580). In 1600 Hakluyt included a more accurate translation in his _Princ.i.p.al Navigations_. H. B. Stephen's essay, _Jacques Cartier and his Voyages to Canada_, is accompanied by a new translation of the voyages. The Cartier voyages are discussed in the _Trans._ R. S. C., by W. F. Ganong (1887), (1889); Paul de Gazes (1884), (1890); Abbe Verreau (1890), (1891), (1897); Archbishop Howley (1894); and in the Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soc.
_Trans._, _Voyages de Decouvertes au Canada_ (1843); Demazieres, _Notes sur Jacques Cartier_ (1862). _See also_ Pope, _Jacques Cartier_; Winsor, _Cartier to Frontenac_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_; Des Longrais, _Jacques Cartier_; Dionne, _La Nouvelle France de Cartier a Champlain_; Dent, _Can. Por._
[Ill.u.s.tration: Landing of Jacques Cartier at Quebec, 1535 From the painting by A. Suzor Cote]
=Cartwright, J. S.= =Sy= Opposes union of provinces in Upper Canada a.s.sembly, 207, 211.
=Cartwright, Rev. Richard.= =Sy= a.s.sists in funeral service of Lord Sydenham, 344.
=Cartwright, Richard= (1759-1815). Born at Albany, New York. On the outbreak of hostilities with the mother country came with his parents to Upper Canada. For a time served as secretary to Colonel Butler of the Queen's Rangers, and later engaged in business at Kingston in partners.h.i.+p with Robert Hamilton. Made judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the district, and on the formation of Upper Canada into a separate province appointed to the Legislative Council. Urged to accept a seat in the Executive Council, but repeatedly refused. Created lieutenant of the county of Frontenac by Simcoe, and during the War of 1812 served as colonel of the militia. Occupied a position of great prominence in the political and business life of the province. =Index=: =BL= Offered and refuses solicitor-generals.h.i.+p of Upper Canada, 120; his letter of explanation, 121. =R= His influence on Strachan, 37. =Bk= Brock's high opinion of, 179. =S= On later emigration from United States, 57; member of Legislative Council, 79; his report on marriage question, in Upper Canada, 86; accused by Simcoe of republicanism, 97, 98; a.s.serts his loyalty, 98; advises Simcoe in regard to land regulations, 103; describes methods of business in early times, 109.
=Bib.=: Cartwright, _Life and Letters of Hon. Richard Cartwright_.
=Cartwright, Sir Richard John= (1835- ). Grandson of the preceding. Born at Kingston. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Entered public life, 1863, as member for Lennox and Addington. Minister of finance in Mackenzie Cabinet, 1873-1878. On the return of the Liberals to power, in 1896, became minister of trade and commerce. =Index=: =Md= Favours commercial union, 297; introduces unrestricted reciprocity resolution, 1888, 298-299; his modified resolution of 1889, 299. =B= His account of pre-confederation scenes in the house, 153-154. =C= Discussion with Cartier in 1872, on the militia, 110. =Bib.=: Works: _Remarks on the Militia of Canada_; _Memories of Confederation_. For biog., _see_ Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.
=Carver, Jonathan= (1732-1780). Born at Stillwater, New York. Joined the company of rangers raised by John Burk of Northfield, 1756-1757. After the treaty of Paris, 1763, conceived the idea of exploring the Western territory acquired by England. Between 1766 and 1768, travelled from Michilimackinac to the Mississippi, ascended the Minnesota River, and returned by way of Grand Portage, Lake Superior. Went to England, 1769, to secure government support for his plans of Western exploration, but failed. Died there, Jan. 31, 1780. =Index=: =D= His River of Oregon, 19; reference to Oregon, 56-57. =Bib.=: _Travels through the Interior Parts of North America, in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768_. The best edition is the third, published at London, 1781. For a bib. of the various editions, and translations, _see_ Lee, _Bibliography of Carver's Travels_ (Wisconsin State Hist. Soc. _Proc._, 1909). _See also_ Durrie, _Jonathan Carver and ”Carver's Grant”_ (Wisconsin Hist. Soc. _Coll._, vol. 6); Gregory, _Jonathan Carver: His Travels in the North-West_ (Parkman Club _Pub._, No. 5); Bourne, _Travels of Jonathan Carver_ in _Amer. Hist. Review_, 1906; Parkman, _Conspiracy of Pontiac_.
=Cas Reserve.= =L= In connection with sale of liquor to Indians, 171, 174.
=Cascades.= On the St. Lawrence River. =Hd= Improvements in navigation at, 185.
=Case, William.= =R= Visits England, 1831, 90; his connection with split in Methodist body, 105.
=Casgrain, Henri Raymond= (1831-1904). After studying medicine, decided to enter the church, and ordained a priest in 1856. In 1872, owing to an affection of the eyes, compelled to abandon the ministry, and thereafter devoted himself entirely to literature. His first work, _Legendes Canadiennes_, appeared in 1861; and this was followed by many other publications, in history, biography, and belles-lettres. One of the princ.i.p.al contributors to the _Soirees Canadiennes_, the _Foyer Canadien_, and other French-Canadian periodicals. A charter member of the Royal Society of Canada; elected president of that body in 1889.
=Index=: =L= His pen-portrait of Mme. de la Peltrie, 153-154. =Ch= On the question of Champlain's tomb, 261-262. =Bib.=: Among his princ.i.p.al works are: _Histoire de la Mere Marie de l'Incarnation_; _Biographies Canadiennes_; _Un Pelerinage au Pays d'Evangeline_; _Montcalm et Levis_.
For bib., _see_ R. S. C., 1894, 21. For biog., _see_ Routhier, _eloge historique de H. R. Casgrain_ (R. S. C., 1904); Morgan, _Can. Men_.