Part 32 (1/2)

26. 26. K. M. O'Craven and R. L. Savoy, ”Voluntary Attention Can Modulate fMRI Activity in Human MT/MST,” K. M. O'Craven and R. L. Savoy, ”Voluntary Attention Can Modulate fMRI Activity in Human MT/MST,” Investigational Ophthalmological Vision Science Investigational Ophthalmological Vision Science 36 (1995): S856 (supp.). 36 (1995): S856 (supp.).

27. 27. Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert, Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert, Perceptrons Perceptrons (Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: MIT Press, 1969). (Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: MIT Press, 1969).

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29. 29. O. Sp.o.r.ns, G. Tononi, and G. M. Edelman, ”Connectivity and Complexity: The Relations.h.i.+p Between Neuroanatomy and Brain Dynamics,” O. Sp.o.r.ns, G. Tononi, and G. M. Edelman, ”Connectivity and Complexity: The Relations.h.i.+p Between Neuroanatomy and Brain Dynamics,” Neural Networks Neural Networks 13.89 (2000): 90922. 13.89 (2000): 90922.

30. 30. R. H. Hahnloser et al., ”Digital Selection and a.n.a.logue Amplification Coexist in a Cortex-Inspired Silicon Circuit,” R. H. Hahnloser et al., ”Digital Selection and a.n.a.logue Amplification Coexist in a Cortex-Inspired Silicon Circuit,” Nature Nature 405.6789 (June 22, 2000): 94751; ”MIT and Bell Labs Researchers Create Electronic Circuit That Mimics the Brain's Circuitry,” 405.6789 (June 22, 2000): 94751; ”MIT and Bell Labs Researchers Create Electronic Circuit That Mimics the Brain's Circuitry,” MIT News MIT News, June 21, 2000, web.mit.edu/newsoffice/nr/2000/machinebrain.html.

31. 31. Manuel Trajtenberg, Manuel Trajtenberg, Economic a.n.a.lysis of Product Innovation: The Case of CT Scanners Economic a.n.a.lysis of Product Innovation: The Case of CT Scanners (Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Harvard University Press, 1990); Michael H. Priebe, Ph.D., president, CEO, NEUROMED GmbH; P-M. L. Robitaille, A. M. Abduljalil, and A. Kangarlu, ”Ultra High Resolution Imaging of the Human Head at 8 Tesla: 2K x 2K for Y2K,” (Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Harvard University Press, 1990); Michael H. Priebe, Ph.D., president, CEO, NEUROMED GmbH; P-M. L. Robitaille, A. M. Abduljalil, and A. Kangarlu, ”Ultra High Resolution Imaging of the Human Head at 8 Tesla: 2K x 2K for Y2K,” Journal of Computer a.s.sisted Tomography Journal of Computer a.s.sisted Tomography 24.1 (JanuaryFebruary 2000): 28. 24.1 (JanuaryFebruary 2000): 28.

32. 32. Seong-Gi Kim, ”Progress in Understanding Functional Imaging Signals,” Seong-Gi Kim, ”Progress in Understanding Functional Imaging Signals,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100.7 (April 1, 2003): 355052, /news/medtech/0,1286,51699.00.html.

38. 38. Lawrence Osborne, ”Savant for a Day,” Lawrence Osborne, ”Savant for a Day,” New York Times Magazine New York Times Magazine, June 22, 2003, available at /brainstim/savant.html.

39. 39. Bruce H. McCormick, ”Brain Tissue Scanner Enables Brain Microstructure Surveys,” Bruce H. McCormick, ”Brain Tissue Scanner Enables Brain Microstructure Surveys,” Neurocomputing Neurocomputing 4446 (2002): 1113-18; Bruce H. McCormick, ”Design of a Brain Tissue Scanner,” Neurocomputing 26-27 (1999): 1025-32; Bruce H. McCormick, ”Development of the Brain Tissue Scanner,” 4446 (2002): 1113-18; Bruce H. McCormick, ”Design of a Brain Tissue Scanner,” Neurocomputing 26-27 (1999): 1025-32; Bruce H. McCormick, ”Development of the Brain Tissue Scanner,” Brain Networks Laboratory Technical Report Brain Networks Laboratory Technical Report, Texas A&M University Department of Computer Science, College Station, Tex., March 18, 2002, research.cs.tamu.edu/bnl/pubs/McC02.pdf.

40. 40. Leif Finkel et al., ”Meso-scale Optical Brain Imaging of Perceptual Learning,” University of Pennsylvania grant 200001737 (2000). Leif Finkel et al., ”Meso-scale Optical Brain Imaging of Perceptual Learning,” University of Pennsylvania grant 200001737 (2000).

41. 41. E. Callaway and R. Yuste, ”Stimulating Neurons with Light,” E. Callaway and R. Yuste, ”Stimulating Neurons with Light,” Current Opinions in Neurobiology Current Opinions in Neurobiology 12.5 (October 2002): 58792. 12.5 (October 2002): 58792.

42. 42. B. L. Sabatini and K. Svoboda, ”a.n.a.lysis of Calcium Channels in Single Spines Using Optical Fluctuation a.n.a.lysis,” B. L. Sabatini and K. Svoboda, ”a.n.a.lysis of Calcium Channels in Single Spines Using Optical Fluctuation a.n.a.lysis,” Nature Nature 408.6812 (November 30, 2000): 58993. 408.6812 (November 30, 2000): 58993.

43. 43. John Whitfield, ”Lasers Operate Inside Single Cells,” [email protected], October 6, 2003, /nsu/030929/030929-12.html (subscription required). Mazur's lab: mazur-/nsu/030929/030929-12.html (subscription required). Mazur's lab: mazur-patibility Biocompatibility, section 15.6.2, ”Bloodstream Intrusiveness” (Georgetown, Tex.: Landes Bioscience, 2003), pp. 15759, /NMIIA/15.6.2.htm.

45. 45. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine Nanomedicine, vol. 1, Basic Capabilities Basic Capabilities, section 7.3, ”Communication Networks” (Georgetown, Tex.: Landes Bioscience, 1999), pp. 18688, /NMI/7.3.htm.

46. 46. Robert A. Freitas Jr., Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine Nanomedicine, vol. 1, Basic Capabilities Basic Capabilities, section 9.4.4.3, ”Intercellular Pa.s.sage” (Georgetown, Tex.: Landes Bioscience, 1999), pp. 32021, /NMI/9.4.4.3.htm#p2.

47. 47. Keith L. Black, M.D., and Nagendra S. Ningaraj, ”Modulation of Brain Tumor Capillaries for Enhanced Drug Delivery Selectively to Brain Tumor,” Keith L. Black, M.D., and Nagendra S. Ningaraj, ”Modulation of Brain Tumor Capillaries for Enhanced Drug Delivery Selectively to Brain Tumor,” Cancer Control Cancer Control 11.3 (May/June 2004): 16573, /NMI/4.1.htm.

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64. 64. Paula Tallal et al., ”Language Comprehension in Language-Learning Impaired Children Improved with Acoustically Modified Speech,” Paula Tallal et al., ”Language Comprehension in Language-Learning Impaired Children Improved with Acoustically Modified Speech,” Science Science 271 (January 5, 1996): 8184. Paula Tallal is Board of Governors Professor of Neuroscience and codirector of the CMBN (Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience) at Rutgers University, and cofounder and director of SCIL (Scientific Learning Corporation); see e traumatizing memories. Keay Davidson, ”Study Suggests Brain Is Built to Forget: MRIs in Stanford Experiments Indicate Active Suppression of Unneeded Memories,” 303.5655 (January 9, 2004): 232-35. The findings could encourage the development of new ways for people to overcome traumatizing memories. Keay Davidson, ”Study Suggests Brain Is Built to Forget: MRIs in Stanford Experiments Indicate Active Suppression of Unneeded Memories,” San Francisco Chronicle San Francisco Chronicle, January 9, 2004, /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/01/09/FORGET.TMP&type=science.

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73. 73. Minsky and Papert, Minsky and Papert, Perceptrons Perceptrons.

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75. 75. Basis functions are nonlinear functions that can be combined linearly (by adding together multiple weighted-basis functions) to approximate any nonlinear function. Pouget and Snyder, ”Computational Approaches to Sensorimotor Transformations,” Basis functions are nonlinear functions that can be combined linearly (by adding together multiple weighted-basis functions) to approximate any nonlinear function. Pouget and Snyder, ”Computational Approaches to Sensorimotor Transformations,” Nature Neuroscience Nature Neuroscience 3.11 Supplement (November 2000): 119298. 3.11 Supplement (November 2000): 119298.

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