Part 13 (2/2)

Gen vere werre of blood

Dat vernek werrele to blood

Acc vert werd blood

Abl verestol werrist frolish

Lelem leian I find

Leled leiad thou findest

Leli leiab he finds

Leljuk leiame we find

Lelitek leiate you find

Lelik leiawad they find

A Comparative Table of the NUMERALS of each of the Four Branches of the FINNIC CLass, showing the degree of their relationshi+p

1 2 3 4 Chudic, Finnish yksi kaksi kolaric, Tcherearic, Mordvinian vaike kavto kolric, Ostiakian it kat chudey

5 6 7 Chudic, Finnish viisi kuusi seitsearic, Tcherearic, Mordvinian vate koto siseric, Ostiakian vet chut tabet Ugric, Hungarian ot hat het

8 9 10 Chudic, Finnish kahdeksan yhdeksan kyaric, Tcherearic, Mordvinian kavsko vaikse karic, Ostiakian nida arjong jong Ugric, Hungarian njolcz kilencz tiz

We have thus examined the four chief classes of the Turanian fausic branch stands lowest; its grammar is not much richer than Chinese, and in its structure there is an absence of that architectonic order which in Chinese ether without cement This applies, however, principally to the Mandshu; other Tungusic dialects spoken, not in China, but in the original seats of the Mandshus, are even now beginning to develop grausic, but in their grauish between the different parts of speech The spoken idiousians, are evidently struggling towards a ht hoe of the Buriats and a Tungusic dialect spoken near Nyertchinsk

This is, however, only a sraes In their systeation, the Turkic dialects can hardly be surpassed Their verbs are like branches which break down under the heavy burden of fruits and blossoes consists rather in a diminution than increase of verbal forms; but in declension Finnish is even richer than Turkish

These four classes, together with the Samoyedic, constitute the northern or Ural-Altaic division of the Turanian family

The southern division consists of the Taetic (Trans-Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan), the Lohitic, the Tac, and the Malac classes(305) These two divisions coes of Asia, with the exception of Chinese, which, together with its neighboring dialects, forms the only representative of radical or uage of Korea, of the Koriakes, the Kamchadales, and the numerous dialects of the Caucasus, &c, remain unclassed; but in theuages have, it is probable, survived, and await the discovery of philological research

Of the third, or inflectional, stage, I need not sayin our former Lectures a number of words in Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, or any other of the Aryan languages The chief distinction between an inflectional and an agglutinative language consists in the fact that agglutinative languages preserve the consciousness of their roots, and therefore do not allow theh they have lost the consciousness of the originalof their ternificative root, and the es There the various elements which enter into the coether, and suffer so much from phonetic corruption, that none but the educated would be aware of an original distinction between root and terrammarian able to discover the seams that separate the component parts

If you consider the character of our ical classification, you will see that this classification, differing thereby froes Our classification exhausts all possibilities If the coe are roots, predicative and demonstrative, we cannot have more than three combinations Roots may either remain roots without any modification; or secondly, they may be joined so that one determines the other and loses its independent existence; or thirdly, they may be joined and be allowed to coalesce, so that both lose their independent existence The number of roots which enter into the composition of a word makes no difference, and it is unnecessary, therefore, to admit a fourth class, soas in these sesquipedalian co to the agglutinative stage; as soon as it is absorbed by the tere

Nor is it necessary to distinguish between _synthetic_ and _analytical_ languages, including under the fores of the inflectional class The formation of such phrases as the French _j'ailish, _I shall do_, _thou wilt do_, may be called _analytical_ or _ical nature these phrases are still inflectional If we analyze such a phrase as _je vivrai_, we find it was originally _ego_ (Sanskrit _aham_) _vivere_ (Sanskrit _jiv-as-e_, dat

neut) _habeo_ (Sanskrit _bha-vaya-rammatical articulation has been almost entirely destroyed, but has not been cast off; whereas in Turanian languages graral roots, and the old and useless terminations are first discarded before any new coical classification a probleht have declined to enter upon if we had confined ourselves to a genealogical classification At the end of our genealogical classification we had to confess that only a certain nuically, and that therefore the tiin of all languages had not yet coes which belong to the radical, the terminational, and inflectional classes, we have clearly laid it down as a principle, that all languages ories of human speech It would not be consistent, therefore, to shrink froh beset with uage

Let us first see our problein of languages has no necessary connection with the problein of es had had different beginnings, this would in nowise necessitate the ads of the hue as natural to ht have broken out at different ti the scattered descendants of one original pair; if, on the contrary, language is to be treated as an artificial invention, there is still less reason why each succeeding generation should not have invented its own idiom

Nor would it follow, if it could be proved that all the dialects of mankind point to one common source, that therefore the huht have been the property of one favored race, and have been coress of history

The science of language and the science of ethnology have both suffered ether The classification of races and languages should be quite independent of each other Races es, and history supplies us with several instances where one race adopted the language of another Different languages, therefore, e may be spoken by different races; so that any atteues must necessarily fail