Part 9 (1/2)

But there are many more offshoots of this one root Thus, the Latin _specululass, becah in a roundabout way, cain of this French word is curious There exists in German a famous cycle of stories, mostly tricks, played by a half-historical, half-lass_ These stories were translated into French, and the hero was known at first by the nale_, which naeneral na

As the French borrowed not only froes, we meet there side by side with the derivatives of the Latin _specere_, the old High-Geruised as _epier_, to spy, the Italian _spiare_ The German word for a spy was _speha_, and this appears in old French as _espie_, in modern French as _espion_

One of the most prolific branches of the same root is the Latin _species_

Whether we take _species_ in the sense of a perennial succession of sienerations (_Jussieu_), or look upon it as existing only as a category of thought (_Agassiz_), _species_ was intended originally as the literal translation of the Greek _eidos_ as opposed to _genos_, or _genus_ The Greeks classified things originally according to _kind_ and _forh these terms were afterwards technically defined by Aristotle, their etys enus_ or _kind_, that is to say, because they had the saical classification: or they can be classified because they have the sa for theical classification It was, however, in the Aristotelian, and not in its etyical sense, that the Greek _eidos_ was rendered in Latin by _species_, enus, the class of a falish _special_, in the sense of particular as opposed to general There is little of the root _spas_, to see, left in a _special train_, or a _special h not apparent, can be restored with perfect certainty We frequently hear the expression _to specify_ A rievances What does it mean? The mediaeval Latin _specificus_ is a literal translation of the Greek _eidopoios_ This means what makes or constitutes an _eidos_ or species Now, in classification, what constitutes a species is that particular quality which, superadded to other qualities, shared in couishes one class from all other classes Thus the specific character which distinguishes e Specific, therefore, assu_ or _distinct_, and the verb _to specify_ conveyed thedistinctly, or one by one I finish with the French _epicier_, a respectable grocer, but originally a s which the apothecary had to sell, were spoken of, with a certain learned air, as _species_, not as drugs in general, but as peculiar drugs and special medicines Hence the chymist or apothecary is still called _Speziale_ in Italian, his shop _spezieria_(266) In French _species_, which regularly becas, nalish _spices_, the Gererbread nuts, and _epicier_, a grocer If you try for a moment to trace _spicy_, or _a well-spiced_ article, back to the simple root _specere_, to look, you will understand that e which out of a few simple elements has created a variety of names hardly surpassed by the unbounded variety of nature herself(267)

I say ”out of a few simple elements,” for the number of e call full predicative roots, such as _ar_, to plough, or _spas_, to look, is indeed small

A root is necessarilyof more than one syllable can always be proved to be derivative roots, and even auish between primitive, secondary, and tertiary roots

A Primitive roots are those which consist-

(1) of one vowel; for instance, _i_, to go;

(2) of one vowel and one consonant; for instance, _ad_, to eat;

(3) of one consonant and one vowel; for instance, _da_, to give

B Secondary roots are those which consist-

(1) of one consonant, vowel, and consonant; for instance, _tud_, to strike

In these roots either the first or the last consonant is modificatory

C Tertiary roots are those which consist-

(1) of consonant, consonant, and vowel; for instance, _plu_, to flow;

(2) of vowel, consonant, and consonant; for instance, _ard_, to hurt;

(3) of consonant, consonant, vowel, and consonant; for instance, _spas_, to see;

(4) of consonant, consonant, vowel, consonant, and consonant; for instance, _spand_, to tremble