Part 62 (1/2)

Bivinda Bivand Bivundulo-Saxon_ Bind Band Bundon Bunden

Finde Fand Fundon Funden

Grinde Grand Grundon Grunden

Winde Wand Wundon Wunden

_Old Norse_ Finn Fann Funum Funninn

Bind Batt Bundum Bundinn

Vind Vatt Undum Undinn

When the vowel _[)i]_ of the present took the sound of the _i_ in _bite_, the _[)u]_ in the praeterite became the _ou_ in _mouse_ From this we see that the words _bind_, &c, are naturally subject to the saes with _spin_, &c, and that, _mutatis mutandis_, they are so still

2 That the _e_ in _swell_, &c, was once _[)i]_ This we collect fro forh Gerh Gerh Gerh Gerh Gerinally the vowel _i_ ran throughout, but that before _l_ and _r_ it was changed into e This change took place at different periods in different dialects The Old Saxon preserved the {316} _i_ longer than the Anglo-Saxon It is found even in the _h German; in the _new_ it has become _e_; as _schwelle_, _schinal _i_ is still preserved; although in Anglo-Saxon it was _e_; as _e from _i_ to _e_ took place full soon, as _svell_=_swells_ The Norse language is in this respect iinally _a_; as

Hilpa Halp Hulpuh German

Hilfu Half Hulfumes Ditto

Tilfu Talf Tulfuh German

Dilbe Dalp Dulbun Ditto

Hilpe Halp Hulpon Ditto

Svell Svall Sullulo-Saxon

Helpe Haelp Hulpon Ditto

Delfe Dealf Dulfon Ditto

4 That a change between _a_ and _o_ took place by tilo-Saxon praeterite of _swelle_ is _sweoll_; whilst _ongon_, _bond_, _song_, _gelo_, _gelalo-Saxon Grammar, p 90

5 That _run_ is only an apparent exception, the older forh Merriland town; So doth it down the Pa--_Old Ballad_

The Anglo-Saxon form is _yrnan_; in the praeterite _arn_, _urnon_ A transposition has since taken place The word _run_ seeinally no present, but a praeterite form

6 That _burst_ is only an apparent exception Before _r_, _[)e]_, _[)i]_, _[)u]_, are pronounced alike We draw no distinction between the vowels in _pert_, _flirt_, _hurt_ The Anglo-Saxon forms are, _berste_, _byrst_, _baerse_, _burston_, _borsten_

_Thirteenth Class_

-- 376 Contains the single word _choose_, in the praeterite _chose_; in Anglo-Saxon, _ceose_, _ceas_

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CHAPTER XXIV

THE WEAK TENSES

-- 377 The praeterite tense of the weak verbs is formed by the addition of _-d_ or _-t_ If necessary, the syllable _-ed_ is substituted for _-d_

The current statement that the syllable _-ed_, rather than the letter _-d_, is the sign of the praeterite tense, is true only in regard to the written language In _stabbed_, _ed_, _filled_, _slurred_, _slammed_, _shunned_, _barred_, _strewed_, the _e_ is a point of spelling only In _language_, except in declamation, there is no second vowel sound The _-d_ coinal word, and the number of syllables reinal word ends in _-d_ or _-t_, as _slight_ or _brand_, then, and then only (and that not always), is there the addition of the syllable _-ed_; as in _slighted_, _branded_ This is necessary, since the cohtt_ and _brandd_ are unpronounceable

Whether the addition be _-d_ or _-t_ depends upon the flatness or sharpness of the preceding letter