Chapter 175 (1/2)
After all the dust of Mar company was settled, baozixuan entered the research and development field of power. Now he not only has to complete the thesis of aviation power, but also has to research and develop automobile engines, which is very simple for an aviation power engineer.
MIT students finally found some problems in the library. Baozixuan, who has great influence in the school, has now returned to the school. In addition to his usual classes, the place where he stays the longest now is the library.
Bao Zixuan read all the books about engines this time, and mainly focused on automobile and aviation power. It can be said that now he is really entering the profession. In the past, the products developed were to make money. Now it's not just making money, it's more an interest.
The first item to be developed is automobile power. Baozixuan needs to find a lot of information. Fortunately, MIT has the best basic process information.
In 1769, the Frenchman n n. J. guinew built a three wheeled car driven by steam from gas combustion. However, the speed of this car is only 4 kilometers per hour, and it has to stop every 15 minutes to add coal to the boiler, which is very troublesome. Later, the car hit a brick wall during a journey and was torn to pieces.
German engineer Carl Benz successfully tested a two-stroke experimental engine for the first time. In October 1883, he founded ”Benz company and Rhine gas engine factory”. In 1885, he made the first Benz patented motor vehicle in Mannheim. The vehicle is a three wheeled vehicle with a two-stroke single cylinder 0.9 HP gasoline engine. This vehicle has some basic characteristics of modern vehicles, such as spark ignition, water-cooling cycle, steel pipe frame, leaf spring suspension Rear wheel drive, front wheel steering, brake handle, etc. On January 29, 1886, German engineer Carl Benz applied for a patent for his motor vehicle. In November of the same year, Carl Benz's three wheeled motor vehicle obtained the German patent right. This is recognized as the world's first modern car. For these reasons, people generally regard 1886 as the first year of the automobile, and some scholars regard the year when Carl Benz made the first three wheeled automobile (1885) as the year of the birth of the automobile.
In 1829, James of England invented the steam car with a speed of 25 kilometers per hour, which can be used as a large car. This kind of car is equipped with heavy boilers and a lot of coal. It emits black smoke, pollutes the streets, makes rumbling noise, and accidents occur frequently. In 1860, French worker runoal invented the internal combustion engine, which used about 1 horsepower gas engine to drive the car, but the effect was not good. However, cars are produced under the influence of this internal combustion engine. Since then, many people want to improve the internal combustion engine and use it in cars. In 1882, German engineer William Heim Daimler began to study the internal combustion engine. He invented an automatic ignition device that uses electric spark to ignite the engine, and then, on the basis of this invention, he produced an excellent gasoline engine. This kind of engine has 900 revolutions per minute, simple and compact structure, and can produce great power. In 1883, Daimler completed the gasoline engine. The next year, Daimler began to assemble it on two wheeled vehicles, three wheeled vehicles and four wheeled vehicles to make gasoline engine vehicles. In particular, the gasoline engine four-wheel truck manufactured in 1886 is equipped with an engine of 1.5 horsepower and a speed of 18 kilometers per hour.
1885 was the year when the invention of automobile made a decisive breakthrough. Benz, who was in the same factory as Daimler, was also studying cars. In 1885, he made a gasoline engine almost at the same time as Daimler, installed it on the car and drove at the speed of 12 kilometers per hour. This year, Butler of England also invented the car with gasoline engine. In addition, Bernard of Italy also invented the car, and puchilov and volopov of Russia invented the car with internal combustion engine.
The world's first research on electric vehicles was the telex device completed by Hungarian Engineer arnush jedlik Á Nyos jedlik in the laboratory in 1828. The first electric car actually manufactured was invented by American Anderson between 1832 and 1839.
The battery used in this electric car is relatively simple and can not be recharged. In 1899, German polscher invented a hub motor to replace the chain drive commonly used in cars at that time. subsequently
Lohner Porsche electric vehicle is developed. The vehicle uses lead-acid battery as the power source and is directly driven by the hub motor in the front wheel. It is also the first vehicle named after Porsche. At the World Expo in Paris in 1900, the car appeared in the name of Toujours contente, which caused a sensation.
Subsequently, borsch also loaded two hub motors on the rear wheels of lohner Porsche, thus giving birth to the world's first four-wheel drive electric vehicle. But the battery used in this car is large in volume and weight, and the top speed is only 60 kilometers per hour. In order to solve these problems, polsch added an internal combustion engine to the electric vehicle in 1902 to generate electricity and drive the hub motor, which is also the first hybrid electric vehicle in the world.
In 1620, Blanca, an Italian, invented the ”counterattack turbine steam turbine” to drive wheel cars. In 1766, the British inventor James Watt (1736-1819) improved the steam engine and opened the prelude to the first industrial revolution.
Jesuit Nan Huairen designed a car with steam as the power source for the then Chinese emperor in 1672. It was a 65 cm long toy car, which could not carry people or drivers. It was uncertain whether the designed car was successfully made later. This may be the first car designed.
In 1769, Nicolas Joseph cugnot, a French Army Engineer, built the first steam engine driven car. It was the first motor vehicle accident in the world because the steering system failed during the test run and crashed into the wall of banshengnu Arsenal. In 1771, Nicolas Joseph Guniu improved the steam car, with a speed of 9.5000 meters per hour and towing 4-5 tons of goods.