Part 27 (2/2)

It seems to have been a trial for extortion.

[621] App. _Bell. Civ_. i. 22. Cf. Cic. _Div. in Caec_. 21. 69 [Ascon.] in loc.; App. _Mithr_. 57.

[622] App. _Bell. Civ_. i. 22 [Greek: _oi te presbeis oi kat auton eti parontes syn phthono tauta permontes ekekragesan_.]

[623] Plut, _C. Gracch_. 5 [Greek: _ho de dikastikos (nomos) ho to pleiston apekopse taes ton synklaetikon dynameos ... ho de priakosious ton hippeon proskatelexen antois ousi triakosiois kai tas kriseis koinas ton hexakosion epoiaese_]. Cf. _Compar_. 2. Liv. _Ep_. lx Tertiam (legem tulit) qua equestrem ordinem, tunc c.u.m senatu consentientem, corrumperet: ”ut s.e.xcenti ex equitibus in curiam sublegerentur: et quia illis temporibus trecenti tantum senatores erant, s.e.xcenti equites trecentis senatoribus admiscerentur”: id est, ut equester ordo bis tantum virium in senatu haberet.

[624] Vellei. ii. 6 C. Gracchus ... judicia a senatu transferebat ad equites. (Cf. ii. 13. 32). Tac. _Ann_. xii. 60 c.u.m Semp.r.o.niis rogationibus equester ordo in possessione judiciorum locaretur. Plin.

_H.N_. x.x.xiii. 34 Judic.u.m autem appellatione separare eum (equestrem) ordinem primi omnium inst.i.tuere Gracchi, discordi popularitate in contumeliam senatus. Cf. Diod. x.x.xv. 25; x.x.xvii. 9; App. _Bell.

Civ_. 1. 22.

[625] The qualifications of the Gracchan jurors were probably identical with those required for jurors under the extant _lex Repetundarum_ (C.I.

L. i. n. 198; Bruns _Fontes_ i. 3. 10) which is probably the _lex Acilia_ (Cic. _in Verr_. Act. i. 17. 51; cf. Mommsen in C.I.L. l.c.).

The conditions fixed by this law are as follows (ll. 12, l3):--Praetor quei inter peregrinos jous deicet, is in diebus x proxumeis, quibus h. l.

populus plebesve jouserit, facito utei CDL viros legat, quei in hac civit[ate ... dum nei quem eorum legat, quei tr. pl., q., iii vir cap., tr. mil. l. iv primis aliqua earum, iii vi]rum a. d. a. siet fueri[tve, queive mercede conductus depugnavit depugnaverit, queive quaestione joudicioque puplico conde]mnatus siet quod circa eum in senatum legei non liceat, queive minor anneis x.x.x majorve annos lx gnatus siet, queive in u[rbem Romam propiusve urbem Romam pa.s.sus M domicilium non habeat, queive ejus magistratus, quei supra scriptus est, pater frater filiusve siet, queive ejus, quei in senatu siet fueritve, pater frater filiusve siet, queive trans mar]e erit. (Cf. ll. 16, 17). Unfortunately the main qualification for the jurors, which was stated after the words ”in hac civitate,” has been lost.

[626] Plut. _C. Gracch_. 6 [Greek: _kakeino tous krinountas ek ton hippeon hedoken (ho daemos) katalexai_].

[627] The _lex Acilia_ says ”within ten days of its becoming law” (p.

214, note 2). If Plutarch _(l.c.)_ is right about Gracchus selecting the original judices, the provision of this _lex_ shows that it cannot be, as some have thought, the law which first _created_ the Gracchan jurors.

It must have been pa.s.sed subsequently to Gracchus's own _lex judiciaria_.

[628] In the Ciceronian period we find a knight as a _judex_ in a civil case (Cic. _pro Rosc. Com_. 14. 42), but it is not probable that senators were ever excluded from the civil bench. See Greenidge _Legal Procedure of Cicero's Time_ p. 265.

[629] Cic. _in Verr_. Act. i. 13. 38.

[630] Cic. _pro Cluent_. 56. 154 Lege ... quae tum erat Semp.r.o.nia, nunc est Cornelia (i.e. the law mentioned in note 4) ... intellegebant ...

ea lege equestrem ordinem non teneri. Livius Drusus in 91 B.C. attempted to fix a retrospective liability on the equestrian jurors (Cic. _pro Rab. Post_ 7. 16). Cf. App. _Bell. Civ_. i. 35. Yet Appian elsewhere (_Bell. Civ_. i. 22) says that the equites obviated trials for bribery [Greek: _synistamenoi sphisin autois kai biazomenoi_]. It is possible that prosecutions for corruption before the _judicia populi_ are meant.

See Strachan-Davidson in loc.

[631] Cic. _pro Cluent_. 55. 151 Hanc ipsam legem NE QUIS JUDICIO CIRc.u.mVENIRETUR C. Gracchus tulit; eam legem pro plebe, non in plebem tulit. Postea L. Sulla ... c.u.m ejus rei quaestionem hac ipsa lege const.i.tueret, ... populum Romanum ... alligare novo quaestionis genere ausus non est. 56. 154 Illi non hoc recusabant, ea ne lege accusarentur ... quae tum erat Semp.r.o.nia, nunc est Cornelia ... intellegebant enim ea lege equestrem ordinem non teneri.

[632] Gell. 1. xx. 7; Justin. _Inst_. iv. 5. 2.

[633] App. _Bell. Civ_. i. 22.

[634] App. l.c. [Greek: _kataegorous te enetous epi tois plousiois epaegonto_].

[635] C. Gracchus ap. Gell. xi. 10 Ego ipse, qui aput vos verba facio, uti vectigalia vestra augeatis, quo facilius vestra commoda et rem publicam administrare possitis, non gratis prodeo.

[636] Vellei. ii. 6. 3 Nova const.i.tuebat portoria.

[637] Cf. App. _Bell. Civ_. v. 4 (M. Antonius to the Asiatics) [Greek: _ous ... eteleite phorous Attalo, methaekamen hymin, mechri, daemokopon andron kai par' haemin genomenon, edeaese phoron, epei de edeaesen ...

merae pherein ton ekastote karpon epetazamen_].

[638] Fronto _ad Verum_ p. 125 (Naber) Gracchus locabat Asiam. Cic.

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