Part 18 (2/2)

[215] [Greek: _pedia makra_] (App. l.c.), Plin. _H.N_. xviii. 6. 35 Verumque confitentibus latifundia perdidere Italiam. (For the expression _lati fundi_ see Siculus Flaccus pp. 157, 161). Frontinus p. 53 Per longum enim tempus attigui possessores vacantia loca quasi invitante otiosi soli opportunitate invaserunt, et per longum tempus inpune commalleaverunt. For the invasion of pasturage see Frontinus p. 48 Haec fere pascua certis personis data sunt depascenda tunc c.u.m agri adsignati sunt. Haec pascua multi per inpotentiam invaserunt et colunt.

[216] In spite of the fertility of the land, the native Gallic population had vanished from most of the districts of this region as early as Polybius' time (Polyb. ii. 35). Cf. Nitzsch _Die Gracchen_ p. 60.

[217] Val. Max. iv. 4. 6.

[218] Steinwender _Die romische Burgerschaft in ihrem Verhaltnis zum Heere_ p. 28.

[219] App. _Bell. Civ_. i. 7.

[220] Polyb. vi. 39.

[221] Liv. xxvii. 9 (209 B.C.) Fremitus enim inter Latinos sociosque in conciliis ortus:--Decimum annum dilectibus, stipendiis se exhaustos esse ... Duodecim (coloniae) ... negaverunt consulibus esse unde milites pecuniamque darent.

[222] Nitzsch _Die Gracchen_ p. 194.

[223] Cato _R.R_. 144 etc.

[224] Nitzsch _Die Gracchen_ p. 187.

[225] Cato _R.R_. 5. 136.

[226] Cato _R.R_. 136 Politionem quo pacto _partiario_ dari oporteat.

In agro Casinate et Venafro in loco bono parti octava corbi dividat, satis bono septima, tertio loco s.e.xta; si granum modio dividet, parti quinta. In Venafro ager optimus nona parti corbi dividat ... Hordeum quinta modio, fabam quinta modio dividat.

[227] Nitzsch _Die Gracchen_ p. 188.

[228] Dureau de la Malle _economie Politique_ ii. pp. 225, 226.

[229] Cato _R.R_. i. 7 Vinea est prima,... secundo loco hortus inriguus, tertio salictum, quarto oletum, quinto pratum, s.e.xto campus frumentarius, septimo silva caedua, octavo arbustum, nono glandaria silva.

[230] Cic. _de Rep_. iii. 9. 16 Nos vero justissimi homines, qui Transalpinas gentis oleam et vitem serere non sinimus, quo pluris sint nostra oliveta nostraeque vineae. Cf. Colum. iii. 3. 11.

[231] See Cato _R.R_. 7, 8 for the produce of the _fundus suburba.n.u.s_.

Cf. c. 1 (note 2) for the value of the _hortus inriguus_.

[232] See the citations in Voigt (Iwan-Muller's _Handbuch_ iv. 2 p.

370). Communities and corporations employed _coloni_ on their _agri vectigales_ (Cic. _ad Fam_. xiii. 11, 1; Hygin. _de Cond. Agr_.

p. 117. 11; Voigt l.c.).

[233] Liv. xlv. 34.

[234] Mahaffy (”The Slave Wars against Rome” in _Hermathena_ no. xvi.

1890) believes that the majority of these were s.h.i.+pped to Sicily.

[235] Strabo xiv. 5. 2.

<script>