Part 105 (1/2)

CANDLISH, ROBERT SMITH, a Scottish ecclesiastic, born in Edinburgh; distinguished, next to Chalmers, for his services in organising the Free Church of Scotland; was an able debater and an eloquent preacher (1806-1873).

CANDOLLE. See DE CANDOLLE.

CANDOUR, MRS., a slanderess in Sheridan's ”Rivals.”

CANEA (12), chief commercial town in Crete, on NW. coast; trades in wax, oil, fruit, wool, and silk.

CANINA, LUIGI, Italian architect; wrote on the antiquities of Rome, Etruria, &c. (1795-1856).

CANNae, ancient town in Apulia, near the mouth of the Aufidus, where Hannibal, in a great battle, defeated the Romans in 216 B.C., but failing to follow up his success by a march on Rome, was twitted by Maherbal, one of his officers, who addressing him said, ”You know how to conquer, Hannibal, but not how to profit by your victory.”

CANNES (15), a French watering-place and health resort on the Mediterranean, in the SE. of France, where Napoleon landed on his return from Elba.

CANNING, CHARLES JOHN, EARL, grandson of the succeeding; after service in cabinet offices, was made Governor-General of India, 1856, in succession to Lord Dalhousie; held this post at the time of the Mutiny in 1857; distinguished himself during this trying crisis by his discretion, firmness, and moderation; became viceroy on the transfer of the government to the crown in 1858; died in London without issue, and the t.i.tle became extinct (1812-1862).

CANNING, GEORGE, a distinguished British statesman and orator, born in London; studied for the bar; entered Parliament as a protege of Pitt, whom he strenuously supported; was rewarded by an under-secretarys.h.i.+p; married a lady of high rank, with a fortune; satirised the Whigs by his pen in his ”Anti-Jacobin”; on the death of Pitt became minister of Foreign Affairs; under Portland distinguished himself by defeating the schemes of Napoleon; became a member of the Liverpool ministry, and once more minister of Foreign Affairs; on the death of Liverpool was made Prime Minister, and after a period of unpopularity became popular by adopting, to the disgust of his old colleagues, a liberal policy; was not equal to the opposition he provoked, and died at the age of 57 (1770-1827).

CANO, ALONZO, a celebrated artist, born at Granada; surnamed the Michael Angelo of Spain, having been painter, sculptor, and architect (1601-1667).

CANO, SEBASTIAN DEL, a Spanish navigator, the first to sail round the world; perished on his second voyage to India (1460-1526).

CANON, the name given to the body of Scripture accepted by the Church as of divine authority.

CAnON OF COLORADO, a gorge in Arizona through which the Colorado River flows, the largest and deepest in the world, being 300 m. long, with a wall from 3000 to 6000 ft. in perpendicular height.

CANONISATION, in the Romish Church, is the solemn declaration by the Pope that a servant of G.o.d, renowned for his virtue and for miracles he has wrought, is to be publicly venerated by the whole Church, termed Saint, and honoured by a special festival. A preparatory stage is beatification, and the beatification and canonisation of a saint are promoted by a long, tedious, and costly process, much resembling a suit at law.

CANOPUS, the blue vault of heaven with its stars, revered and wors.h.i.+pped by the son of the sandy desert as a friend and guide to him, as he wanders over the waste at night alone.

CANOSA (18), a town in Apulia, abounding in Roman remains, on the site of ancient Ca.n.u.sium.

CANOSSA, a town NW. of Bologna, in the courtyard of the castle of which the Emperor Henry IV. stood three days in the cold, in January 1077, bareheaded and barefooted, waiting for Pope Gregory VII. to remove from him the sentence of excommunication.

CANOVA, ANTONIO, a great Italian sculptor, born in Venetia; gave early proof of his genius; his first great work, and which established his fame, was the group of ”Theseus and the Minotaur,” which was by-and-by succeeded by his ”Cupid and Psyche,” distinguished by a tenderness and grace quite peculiar to him, and erelong by ”Perseus with the Head of Medusa,” perhaps the triumph of his art; his works were numerous, and brought him a large fortune, which he made a generous use of (1757-1822).