Part 22 (1/2)
In quarantining a state, or portion of a state, the Department acts by authority of laws pa.s.sed by Congress under its power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce (Const.i.tution, Art. I, Sec. 8, cl. 3). By the same authority, all cattle for export and all imported from foreign countries are inspected and those diseased excluded. Slaughter houses and meat-packing establishments where meat is packed for interstate or foreign commerce are inspected; meat that is unfit for use being condemned, while that which is good has the government stamp placed upon it. Such measures are primarily health measures (see Chapter XX), but they have great economic value.
In a similar manner imported seeds, plants, and plant products are inspected to prevent the importation of plant diseases and plant pests, and also to prevent adulteration of plant products.
Warehouses are inspected and licenses granted to those that are suitable for the proper storage of cotton, grains, tobacco, flaxseed, and wool. The Department enforces the laws that fix the standards for grading cotton and grain, and licenses grain inspectors. It also enforces the Food and Drugs Act (see Chapter XX).
Topics for investigation:
Difficulties experienced by farmers in your locality in marketing produce or livestock.
a.s.sistance received from the United States Department of Agriculture to overcome the difficulties.
Experiments in cooperative marketing in your locality.
Products of your locality that require storage facilities.
Adequacy of storage facilities.
Transportation needs of your locality. Improvements in transportation facilities in recent years.
Consult your county agent, or write to the Office of Farm Management, for publications relating to farm management, farm accounting, etc.
Discuss with farmers of your acquaintance the extent to which they find farm accounts and farm records useful.
Diseases of livestock prevalent in your locality and state.
Experiments in cooperation to eradicate these diseases. a.s.sistance received from the Department of Agriculture.
Crops of foreign origin raised in your locality. Countries from which introduced.
Destructive plant diseases and plant pests of your locality.
Efforts to combat them.
Importance of bird migrations to the farmers of your locality.
Extent of protection afforded birds. How you cooperate in this matter.
Importance of these various farmers' problems to the people in town--the housekeeper, the merchant, the manufacturer, the railroad companies.
Cases of animal quarantine occurring in your locality.
Why warehouses for food products, cotton, etc., should be licensed. What ”licensing” means.
How grain, cotton, or other products are ”graded.” The reason for grading. Why there needs to be a law on the subject.
SERVICE OF OTHER DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT
While the business interests of the farmer, and indeed many of his other interests, such as health, education, and social life, are especially looked after by the Department of Agriculture, he shares with all other citizens the services of all the other departments of government, each of which also has its elaborate organization (see Chapter XXVII). It is the Treasury Department, for example, acting under authority given to it by Congress, that provides the people with their system of money and with a banking system, both of which are great cooperative devices. The Department of Commerce serves the farmer directly by discovering markets for his products in every part of the world, and indirectly by everything it does to promote the country's commerce. The rural mail delivery, the parcel post, and the motor truck service of the Post Office Department are of untold value to the farmer (see Chapter XVIII). The Department of the Interior has supervision over the public lands, the reclamation of arid lands, and the development of mineral resources (Chapters XIV, XV).
THE QUESTION OF LABOR SUPPLY
The question of labor supply is one of the most serious questions which the farmer has to face. It is one that he must help to solve for himself: