Part 84 (2/2)

[21] ”No doubt the Athenian public was by no norant of many sciences, of much history,--in short of a thousand results of civilization which have since accrued But in civilization itself, in mental power, in quickness of coment, no modern nation, however well instructed, has been able to equal by labored acquireenius of the Greeks” (Mahaffy, J P, _Old Greek Education_)

[22] The great institutions of the Greek City-State were in thehly educative The chief of these were:

1 The assembly, where the laere proposed, debated, and made

2 The Juries, on which citizens sat and where the laere applied

3 The Theater, where the great masterpieces of Greek literature were perforreat religious ceremonies of a literary as well as an athletic and artistic character, and to which Greeks from all over hellas cainative, and disputatious people

CHAPTER II

[1] The cule of Pericles, as thethe fifth century BC such naovernment, Phidias and Myron in art, Herodotus and Thucydides in historical narrative, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides in tragic draraced Athens

[2] With the Greeks, morality and the future life never had any connection

[3] The early Greek philosophers tried to explain the physical world about the to discover what they called the ”first principle,” from which all else had been derived Thales (c 624-548 BC), the father of Greek science, had concluded that water was the original source of all matter; Anaximenes (c 588-524 BC), that air was the first principle; Heraclites (c 525-475 BC), fire; and Pythagoras (c 580-500 BC), number

[4] ”There was now demanded ability to discuss all sorts of social, political, econoue in public in the marketplace or in the law courts; to declaim in a formal manner on almost any topic; to amuse or even instruct the populace upon topics of interest or questions of the day; to take part in the many diplomatic embassies and political missions of the times--the ability, in fact, to shi+ne in a democratic society much like our own and to control the votes and coent populace where the function of printing-press, telegraph, railroad, and all h public speech and private discourse, and where the legal, ecclesiastical, and other professional classes of teachers did not exist” (Monroe, Paul, _History of Education_, pp 109- 10)

[5] The importance of a political career in the new Athens will be better understood if we remember that the influence on public opinion to-day exerted by the pulpit, bar, public platform, press, and scholar was then concentrated in the public speaker, and that the careers now open to proovernment were then concentrated in the political career It must also be remembered that the Greeks had always been a nation of speakers, both the content and the for important

[6] Each of these philosophers proposed an ideal educational systened to remedy the evils of the State Xenophon (c410-362 BC), in his _Cyropaedia_, purporting to describe the education of Cyrus of Persia, proposed a Spartan modification of the old Athenian system Plato (429-348 BC), in his _Republic_, proposed an aristocratic socialis individual virtue and state justice He first presents the super- civicthe Christians later on Aristotle (384-322 BC), in his _Ethics_, and in his _Politics_, outlined an ideal state and a system of education for it

[7] ”It is beyond all conception what that man espied, saw, beheld, remarked, observed” (Goethe)

”One of the richest and eniuses that has ever appeared--a el)

”Aristotle, Nature's private secretary, dipping his pen in intellect”

(Eusebius)

[8] ”As Alexander passed conquering through Asia, he restored to the East, as garnered grain, that Greek civilization whose seeds had long ago been received from the East Each conqueror in turn, the Macedonian and the Roman bowed before conquered Greece and learnt lessons at her feet”

(Butcher, S H, _Some Aspects of the Greek Genius_, p 43)

[9] Webster, D H, _Ancient History_, p 302

[10] Previous to this, paper had beenforbidden its export, necessity again became the mother of invention

[11] With this exception, never before the Italian Renaissance was there such interest in collecting books Alathered here, and the library at Alexandria became the British Museum or the Bibliotheque Nationale of the ancient world Every book entering Egypt was required to be brought to this library

[12] He founded the science of geography Before his time Greek students had concluded that the world was round, instead of flat, as stated in the Homeric poems By careful measurements he determined its size, within a few thousand miles of its actual circuht sail fro the same parallel of latitude

[13] From the tradition that seventy scholars labored on it

[14] Henry Sumner Maine