Part 7 (2/2)

47. Tinto, Leaving College, 131.

48. Richard Arum, Adam Gamoran, and Yossi Shavit, aMore Inclusion than Diversion: Expansion, Differentiation, and Market Structure in Higher Educationa in Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study, ed. Yossi Shavit, Richard Arum, and Adam Gamoran (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007), 1a”38.

49. John Dewey, The Child and the Curriculum and the School and Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956), 7.

50. U.S. Department of Education, A Test of Leaders.h.i.+p, 16.

51. Ibid., 13.

52. Ibid.

53. Ibid., 22.

54. Derek Bok, Our Underachieving Colleges: A Candid Look at How Much Students Learn and Why They Should Be Learning More (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006), 326a”27.

55. a.s.sociation of American Colleges and Universities and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation, New Leaders.h.i.+p for Student Learning and Accountability: A Statement of Principles, Commitments to Action (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: a.s.sociation of American Colleges and Universities and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation, 2008).

56. U.S. Department of Education, A Test of Leaders.h.i.+p, 21.

57. a.s.sociation of American Colleges and Universities, Our Studentsa Best Work: A Framework for Accountability Worthy of Our Mission. Statement from the Board of Directors (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: a.s.sociation of American Colleges and Universities, 2008), 8. Cited in Brint, aThe Academic Devolution?a 58. Frederick Hess, Tough Love for Schools: Essays on Compet.i.tion, Accountability and Excellence (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: American Enterprise Inst.i.tute, 2006), 78a”80.

59. Federal 2009 research budgets, including those of the National Inst.i.tutes of Health and National Science Foundation, include federal stimulus dollars as reported by the American a.s.sociation for the Advancement of Science, aSeptember R&D Funding Updatea (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: American a.s.sociation for the Advancement of Science, 2009). Support for the Fund for Post-Secondary Improvement was reported by the U.S. Department of Education, aFY 2009 Congressional Actiona (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: U.S. Department of Education, 2009).

60. A survey of employers conducted on behalf of the a.s.sociation of American Colleges and Universities by Peter D. Hart Research a.s.sociated, Inc., How Should Colleges a.s.sess and Improve Student Learning? Employers Views on the Accountability Challenge (Was.h.i.+ngton DC: Peter D. Hart Research a.s.sociated, Inc., 2008).

61. Are They Really Ready to Work? Employersa Perspectives on the Basic Knowledge and Applied Skills of New Entrants to the 21st Century U.S. Workforce (The Conference Board, Corporate Voices for Working Families, the Partners.h.i.+p for 21st Century Skills, and the Society of Human Resource Management, 2006, /doc.u.ments/FINAL_REPORT_PDF09a”29a”06.pdf), 20, 34.

62. a.s.sociation of American Colleges and Universities, How Should Colleges a.s.sess and Improve Student Learning, 4.

63. Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center Biennial News Consumption Survey (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: Pew Research Center, 2008).

64. President John F. Kennedy, speech given at Rice University, Houston, TX, on September 12, 1962.

Methodological Appendix 1. Judith D. Singer, aUsing SAS PROC MIXED to Fit Multilevel Models, Hierarchical Models, and Individual Growth Models.a Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 23 /4 (1998): 323a”55.

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