Part 23 (1/2)

John M. Cook, The Greeks in Ionia and the East The Greeks in Ionia and the East (1960) and G. L. Huxley, (1960) and G. L. Huxley, The Early Ionians The Early Ionians (1966) are full of detail; Graham s.h.i.+pley, (1966) are full of detail; Graham s.h.i.+pley, A History of Samos A History of Samos (1983) and C. Roebuck and H. Kyrieleis, in J. Boardman and C. E. Vaphopoulou-Richardson (eds.), (1983) and C. Roebuck and H. Kyrieleis, in J. Boardman and C. E. Vaphopoulou-Richardson (eds.), Chios Chios (1984), 818 and 187204, are excellent island studies; Ellen Greene (ed.), (1984), 818 and 187204, are excellent island studies; Ellen Greene (ed.), Re-reading Sappho: Contemporary Approaches Re-reading Sappho: Contemporary Approaches (1996), especially chapters 7 and 8. Edward Hussey, (1996), especially chapters 7 and 8. Edward Hussey, The Presocratics The Presocratics (1996 edn.) is very clear; Jonathan Barnes, (1996 edn.) is very clear; Jonathan Barnes, Early Greek Philosophy Early Greek Philosophy (2001, revised edn.) and (2001, revised edn.) and The Presocratic Philosophers The Presocratic Philosophers (1999) are fuller; Alan M. Greaves, (1999) are fuller; Alan M. Greaves, Miletos: A History Miletos: A History (2002), not displacing the older and wilder Adelaide G. Dunham, (2002), not displacing the older and wilder Adelaide G. Dunham, The History of Miletus Down to the Anabasis of Alexander The History of Miletus Down to the Anabasis of Alexander (1919); R. M. Cook and Pierre Dupont, (1919); R. M. Cook and Pierre Dupont, East Greek Pottery East Greek Pottery (2002). Thomas Braun, 'Hecataeus' Knowledge of the Western Mediterranean', in Kathryn Lomas (ed.), (2002). Thomas Braun, 'Hecataeus' Knowledge of the Western Mediterranean', in Kathryn Lomas (ed.), Greek Ident.i.ty in the Western Mediterranean Greek Ident.i.ty in the Western Mediterranean (2004), 287348, a very important study; Robert Leighton, (2004), 287348, a very important study; Robert Leighton, Tarquinia: An Etruscan City Tarquinia: An Etruscan City (2004) with Sybille Haynes, (2004) with Sybille Haynes, Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History (2000), an excellent overview, and her well-based novel about Etruscan life, (2000), an excellent overview, and her well-based novel about Etruscan life, The Augur's Daughter The Augur's Daughter (1987). (1987).

CHAPTER 8. 8. TOWARDS DEMOCRACY TOWARDS DEMOCRACY.

I. Malkin, Myth and Territory in the Spartan Mediterranean Myth and Territory in the Spartan Mediterranean (1994); W. G. Forrest, (1994); W. G. Forrest, A History of Sparta A History of Sparta (1967), 6995, a cla.s.sic; Adrienne Mayor, (1967), 6995, a cla.s.sic; Adrienne Mayor, The First Fossil Hunters The First Fossil Hunters (2000), a brilliant study of 'bones'; Martin Ostwald, (2000), a brilliant study of 'bones'; Martin Ostwald, Autonomia: Its Genesis and Early History Autonomia: Its Genesis and Early History (1982), with which I have disagreed; R. J. Lane Fox and also O. Murray, in John T. A. Koumoulides, (1982), with which I have disagreed; R. J. Lane Fox and also O. Murray, in John T. A. Koumoulides, The Good Idea: Democracy and Ancient Greece The Good Idea: Democracy and Ancient Greece (1995) on Cleisthenes, and Orlando Patterson, (1995) on Cleisthenes, and Orlando Patterson, Freedom Freedom (1997) with which I disagree; W. G. Forrest, (1997) with which I disagree; W. G. Forrest, The Emergence of Greek Democracy The Emergence of Greek Democracy (1963) is the cla.s.sic studystill, with the very important essay by A. Andrewes, in (1963) is the cla.s.sic studystill, with the very important essay by A. Andrewes, in Cla.s.sical Quarterly Cla.s.sical Quarterly (1977), 2418 and by H. T. Wade-Gery, (1977), 2418 and by H. T. Wade-Gery, Essays in Greek History Essays in Greek History (1958), 13554, a still-inspiring collection; D. M. Lewis, in (1958), 13554, a still-inspiring collection; D. M. Lewis, in Historia Historia (1963), 2240, is the cla.s.sic on the infrastructure; P. J. Rhodes (ed.), (1963), 2240, is the cla.s.sic on the infrastructure; P. J. Rhodes (ed.), Athenian Democracy Athenian Democracy (2004) is a good selection of papers; G. E. M. de Sainte Croix, (2004) is a good selection of papers; G. E. M. de Sainte Croix, Athenian Democratic Origins Athenian Democratic Origins (2004), 180214, excellent on ostracism; Mogens H. Hansen, (2004), 180214, excellent on ostracism; Mogens H. Hansen, The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes (1991; revised edn., 1999), on inst.i.tutions; J. K. Davies, in Peter Derow and Robert Parker, (1991; revised edn., 1999), on inst.i.tutions; J. K. Davies, in Peter Derow and Robert Parker, Herodotus and His World Herodotus and His World (2003), 31936, on sixth-century state development; D. Mertens, in (2003), 31936, on sixth-century state development; D. Mertens, in Bolletino d'arte Bolletino d'arte (1982), 157, on Metapontum; Eric W. Robinson, (1982), 157, on Metapontum; Eric W. Robinson, The First Democracies The First Democracies (1997), for rival 'firsts' for which I do not accept the evidence. (1997), for rival 'firsts' for which I do not accept the evidence.

CHAPTER 9. 9. THE PERSIAN WARS THE PERSIAN WARS.

P. Briant, From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire, translated by Peter T. Daniels (2002), is a ma.s.sive survey, with strong interpretations; E. J. Bickermann, in Journal of Biblical Literature Journal of Biblical Literature (19456), 24975, is cla.s.sic on Cyrus and the Jews; O. Murray, in (19456), 24975, is cla.s.sic on Cyrus and the Jews; O. Murray, in Cambridge Ancient History Cambridge Ancient History, volume IV (1988), 46190, J. L. Myres, in Palestine Exploration Quarterly Palestine Exploration Quarterly (1953), 822, a brilliant essay, and W. G. Forrest, in (1953), 822, a brilliant essay, and W. G. Forrest, in International History Review International History Review (1979), 31125, another: all discuss the Revolt in Asia Minor; A. R. Burn, (1979), 31125, another: all discuss the Revolt in Asia Minor; A. R. Burn, Persia and the Greeks: The Defence of the West Persia and the Greeks: The Defence of the West (1984, 2nd edn.) is best on the wars; Philip de Souza, (1984, 2nd edn.) is best on the wars; Philip de Souza, The Greek and Persian Wars, 499386 BC The Greek and Persian Wars, 499386 BC (2003) gives a simple overview; N. G. L. Hammond and J. P. Barron in (2003) gives a simple overview; N. G. L. Hammond and J. P. Barron in Cambridge Ancient History Cambridge Ancient History, volume IV (1988), 46190 and 592622, are excellent on detail; D. B. Thompson, in The Aegean and the Near East: Studies Presented to Hatty Goldman The Aegean and the Near East: Studies Presented to Hatty Goldman (1956), 28191 is cla.s.sic on the Persian spoils in Athens; E. Hall, (1956), 28191 is cla.s.sic on the Persian spoils in Athens; E. Hall, Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-Definition through Tragedy Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-Definition through Tragedy (1989) is valid for vase painting and drama at Athens only; Margaret C. Miller, (1989) is valid for vase painting and drama at Athens only; Margaret C. Miller, Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC (1997) elaborates on the Persians' impact. (1997) elaborates on the Persians' impact.

CHAPTER 10. 10. THE WESTERN GREEKS THE WESTERN GREEKS.

E. A. Freeman, A History of Sicily A History of Sicily, volume II (1891), 49222, is still unsurpa.s.sed; Georges Vallet, in Pindare: Huit exposes Pindare: Huit exposes, Entretiens Fondation Hardt x.x.xI (1984), 285327, is also a tour de force, especially Pindar as 'temoin oculaire' of erupting Etna, Pindar in (male) love while others were at war at Marathon (page 312: 'oui, Pindare a aime ce jeune home sage et bon, ami des Muses': Thrasybulus of Agrigentum) and then Pindar confronted with unpredictable democracy (pages 31617), with the brilliant study by W. S. Barrett, in Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies (1973), 2335. On Pindar and the afterlife, Hugh Lloyd-Jones, ibid. (1984), 24583 is also excellent. J. G. Pedley, (1973), 2335. On Pindar and the afterlife, Hugh Lloyd-Jones, ibid. (1984), 24583 is also excellent. J. G. Pedley, Paestum: Greeks and Romans in Southern Italy Paestum: Greeks and Romans in Southern Italy (1990) is a fine survey of a fine site; J. J. Coulton, (1990) is a fine survey of a fine site; J. J. Coulton, Greek Architects at Work Greek Architects at Work (1977), 828 and 1414, on temple-building; M. W. Frederiksen, (1977), 828 and 1414, on temple-building; M. W. Frederiksen, Campania Campania (1984), 85133, on Greeks in Italy and Etruria; on early Rome, T. J. Cornell, (1984), 85133, on Greeks in Italy and Etruria; on early Rome, T. J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome The Beginnings of Rome (1995), chapters 311, although I certainly do not accept that 'Etruscan Rome' was a 'myth'; Christopher J. Smith, (1995), chapters 311, although I certainly do not accept that 'Etruscan Rome' was a 'myth'; Christopher J. Smith, Early Rome and Latium Early Rome and Latium (1996), for Rome's surrounds; A. Grandazzi, (1996), for Rome's surrounds; A. Grandazzi, The Foundation of Rome: Myth and History The Foundation of Rome: Myth and History (1997), for more of the former than the latter; Alan Watson, (1997), for more of the former than the latter; Alan Watson, Rome of the XII Tables: Persons and Property Rome of the XII Tables: Persons and Property (1975) is an enjoyable study, with A. W. Lintott, (1975) is an enjoyable study, with A. W. Lintott, The Const.i.tution of the Roman Republic The Const.i.tution of the Roman Republic (1999), 27146, a magisterial survey. For the Tables themselves, M. H. Crawford, (1999), 27146, a magisterial survey. For the Tables themselves, M. H. Crawford, Roman Statutes Roman Statutes, volume II (1996), 555722, a fine study.

CHAPTER 11. 11. CONQUEST AND EMPIRE CONQUEST AND EMPIRE.

P. J. Rhodes, The Athenian Empire The Athenian Empire (1985) gives an excellent survey; R. Meiggs, (1985) gives an excellent survey; R. Meiggs, The Athenian Empire The Athenian Empire (1975) is cla.s.sic, especially chapters 1123 and pages 413589; I confess to disbelieving in a 'Delian League', to rejecting the superfluous activities of Aristides, mythologized in Aristotle, (1975) is cla.s.sic, especially chapters 1123 and pages 413589; I confess to disbelieving in a 'Delian League', to rejecting the superfluous activities of Aristides, mythologized in Aristotle, Athenaion Politeia Athenaion Politeia 23.45, and therefore to accepting the lucid view of A. Giovannini and G. Gottlieb, in 23.45, and therefore to accepting the lucid view of A. Giovannini and G. Gottlieb, in Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften: Phil.-Hist. Kla.s.se Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften: Phil.-Hist. Kla.s.se (1980), 745 which torpedoes much modern debate. P. J. Stylianou, (1980), 745 which torpedoes much modern debate. P. J. Stylianou, The Age of the Kingdoms The Age of the Kingdoms (1989), 42858, is a good view from Cyprus outwards; W. G. Forrest, in (1989), 42858, is a good view from Cyprus outwards; W. G. Forrest, in Cla.s.sical Quarterly Cla.s.sical Quarterly (1960), 23241, is a cla.s.sic, on the 'two groups' of Athenians. J. K. Davies, (1960), 23241, is a cla.s.sic, on the 'two groups' of Athenians. J. K. Davies, Democracy and Cla.s.sical Greece Democracy and Cla.s.sical Greece (1993, 2nd edn.), chapters 4, 5 and 6, is particularly clear. S. Brenne and P. Siewert, (1993, 2nd edn.), chapters 4, 5 and 6, is particularly clear. S. Brenne and P. Siewert, Ostrakismos-Testimonien Ostrakismos-Testimonien (2002 in progress) publishes the excellent new range of ostraka, while G. E. M. de Sainte Croix, (2002 in progress) publishes the excellent new range of ostraka, while G. E. M. de Sainte Croix, Athenian Democratic Origins Athenian Democratic Origins (2004), 180214, explains the inst.i.tution; M. Ostwald, (2004), 180214, explains the inst.i.tution; M. Ostwald, From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law (1986), 2883, on const.i.tutional change at Athens; G. E. M. de Sainte Croix, in (1986), 2883, on const.i.tutional change at Athens; G. E. M. de Sainte Croix, in Historia Historia (19545), 140, is still the best study of the 'character' of the Empire, after decades of debate and criticism; D. M. Lewis, (19545), 140, is still the best study of the 'character' of the Empire, after decades of debate and criticism; D. M. Lewis, Selected Papers in Greek and Near Eastern History Selected Papers in Greek and Near Eastern History (1997) 921, on the 'first' war; Jeffrey M. Hurwit, (1997) 921, on the 'first' war; Jeffrey M. Hurwit, The Athenian Acropolis The Athenian Acropolis (1999), 138245, on its changing face. E. A. Freeman, (1999), 138245, on its changing face. E. A. Freeman, The History of Sicily The History of Sicily, volume II (1891), 222429, is still unsurpa.s.sed on the West.

CHAPTER 12. 12. A CHANGING GREEK CULTURAL WORLD A CHANGING GREEK CULTURAL WORLD.

Deborah Boedeker and Kurt A. Raaflaub (eds.), Democracy, Empire and the Arts in Fifth Century Athens Democracy, Empire and the Arts in Fifth Century Athens (1998); T. B. L. Webster, (1998); T. B. L. Webster, Athenian Culture and Society Athenian Culture and Society (1973) is still valuable; Martin Robertson, (1973) is still valuable; Martin Robertson, A History of Greek Art A History of Greek Art, volume I (1972), 292362, and his The Art of Vase Painting in Cla.s.sical Athens The Art of Vase Painting in Cla.s.sical Athens (1992) are cla.s.sic on the cla.s.sical age; James Whitley, (1992) are cla.s.sic on the cla.s.sical age; James Whitley, The Archaeology of Ancient Greece The Archaeology of Ancient Greece (2001), 26994, finds 'defining the ”cla.s.sical” an elusive task', by contrast. Terence Irwin, (2001), 26994, finds 'defining the ”cla.s.sical” an elusive task', by contrast. Terence Irwin, Cla.s.sical Thought Cla.s.sical Thought (1989) is very clear and E. R. Dodds, (1989) is very clear and E. R. Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational The Greeks and the Irrational (1951), 179206, and (1951), 179206, and The Ancient Concept of Progress The Ancient Concept of Progress (1973), 125, are unarguably cla.s.sics, perhaps even for J. Whitley. R. Netz, (1973), 125, are unarguably cla.s.sics, perhaps even for J. Whitley. R. Netz, The Shaping of Deduction in Early Greek Mathematics The Shaping of Deduction in Early Greek Mathematics (1999) is very important. On Herodotus, John Gould, (1999) is very important. On Herodotus, John Gould, Herodotus Herodotus (1989) with Thomas Harrison, (1989) with Thomas Harrison, Divinity and History Divinity and History (2000), a helpful study, Rosalind Thomas, (2000), a helpful study, Rosalind Thomas, Herodotus in Context Herodotus in Context (2000) from whom I differ. R. L. Fowler, in (2000) from whom I differ. R. L. Fowler, in Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies (1996), 6287, inclines against a Herodotus who is 'first' on the historical scene. W. G. Forrest, in (1996), 6287, inclines against a Herodotus who is 'first' on the historical scene. W. G. Forrest, in Phoenix Phoenix (1984), 111, is very important on Herodotus' politics. W. K. Pritchett, (1984), 111, is very important on Herodotus' politics. W. K. Pritchett, The Liar School of Herodotus The Liar School of Herodotus (1993) is vigorous and pages 15059 address the chariot-group at Athens and Herodotus' visit, a reason why, perhaps too specifically, I put him in Athens in 438/7, before (on usual dating) the new Propylaea; the ancients think of a visit in 446/5, perhaps only as a synchronism with the Thirty Years Peace. Margaret C. Miller, in (1993) is vigorous and pages 15059 address the chariot-group at Athens and Herodotus' visit, a reason why, perhaps too specifically, I put him in Athens in 438/7, before (on usual dating) the new Propylaea; the ancients think of a visit in 446/5, perhaps only as a synchronism with the Thirty Years Peace. Margaret C. Miller, in American Journal of Archaeology American Journal of Archaeology (1999), 22354, memorably discusses the scenes of cross-dressing. J. Gould, in (1999), 22354, memorably discusses the scenes of cross-dressing. J. Gould, in Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies (1980), 3855, is a basic study on Athenian women, with Roger Just, (1980), 3855, is a basic study on Athenian women, with Roger Just, Women in Ancient Law and Life Women in Ancient Law and Life (1987), essays in Ian McAusland and Peter Walcot, (1987), essays in Ian McAusland and Peter Walcot, Women in Antiquity Women in Antiquity (1996) and much else. R. Osborne, in (1996) and much else. R. Osborne, in Past and Present Past and Present (1997), 333, points to a change in the representation of women, albeit in our surviving evidence; I hesitate to link it to the citizens.h.i.+p law, on which G. E. M. de Sainte Croix, (1997), 333, points to a change in the representation of women, albeit in our surviving evidence; I hesitate to link it to the citizens.h.i.+p law, on which G. E. M. de Sainte Croix, Athenian Democratic Origins Athenian Democratic Origins (2004), 23353. On Sculpture, Andreas Scholl, (2004), 23353. On Sculpture, Andreas Scholl, Die korenhalle Des Erechtheion Die korenhalle Des Erechtheion (1998), with J. B. Connelly, in (1998), with J. B. Connelly, in American Journal of Archaeology American Journal of Archaeology (1996), 5380, is brilliantly controversial and not yet refuted by critics; Stefano d'Ayala Valva, in (1996), 5380, is brilliantly controversial and not yet refuted by critics; Stefano d'Ayala Valva, in Antike Kunst Antike Kunst (1996), 513, is very important, with W. Fuchs, Torsten Mattern, ed., (1996), 513, is very important, with W. Fuchs, Torsten Mattern, ed., Munus... fur Hans Wiegart Munus... fur Hans Wiegart (2000) 1112 identifying Erichthonios in the Frieze's procession. A. W. Pickard-Cambridge, (2000) 1112 identifying Erichthonios in the Frieze's procession. A. W. Pickard-Cambridge, The Dramatic Festivals of Athens The Dramatic Festivals of Athens (1986, revised edn.), 26378, is still basic on the audience; on tragedy and 'political ideas', S. Goldhill, in Christopher Rowe and Malcolm Schofield (eds.), (1986, revised edn.), 26378, is still basic on the audience; on tragedy and 'political ideas', S. Goldhill, in Christopher Rowe and Malcolm Schofield (eds.), Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought (2000), 6088, for a clear survey, but see Jasper Griffin, in (2000), 6088, for a clear survey, but see Jasper Griffin, in Cla.s.sical Quarterly Cla.s.sical Quarterly (1998), 3961. I wrote this chapter before the publication of P. J. Rhodes, in (1998), 3961. I wrote this chapter before the publication of P. J. Rhodes, in Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies (2003), 10419, which is very important. Eric Segal (ed.), (2003), 10419, which is very important. Eric Segal (ed.), Oxford Readings in Aristophanes Oxford Readings in Aristophanes (1996) and Malcolm Heath, (1996) and Malcolm Heath, Political Comedy in Aristophanes Political Comedy in Aristophanes (1987) provoke thought; W. G. Forrest, in (1987) provoke thought; W. G. Forrest, in Klio Klio (1970), 10716, is important for the context, surely, of (1970), 10716, is important for the context, surely, of Knights Knights; Nan Dunbar, Aristophanes' Birds Aristophanes' Birds (1994) is a brilliant commentary. (1994) is a brilliant commentary.

CHAPTER 13. 13. PERICLES AND ATHENS PERICLES AND ATHENS.

Plutarch's Life of Pericles Life of Pericles is edited by Frank J. Frost (1980); Anthony J. Podlecki, is edited by Frank J. Frost (1980); Anthony J. Podlecki, Perikles and His Circle Perikles and His Circle (1998) and (1998) and An Age of Glory: Athens in the Time of Pericles An Age of Glory: Athens in the Time of Pericles (1975); A. W. Gomme, (1975); A. W. Gomme, Historical Commentary on Thucydides Historical Commentary on Thucydides, volumes 1 and 2, for n.o.ble observations on Thucydides, 1.14044, 2.3546 and 2.6064. Jeffrey M. Hurwit, The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles (2004). (2004).

CHAPTER 14. 14. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR.

D. M. Lewis, in Cambridge Ancient History Cambridge Ancient History, volume V (1992), 370432, and A. Andrewes, ibid. (1992), 43398, are now the best surveys; V. D. Hanson, Why the West Has Won: Carnage and Culture from Salamis to Vietnam Why the West Has Won: Carnage and Culture from Salamis to Vietnam (2000) is enjoyably controversial; H. van Wees, (2000) is enjoyably controversial; H. van Wees, Greek Warfare: Myths and Realities Greek Warfare: Myths and Realities (2004), especially chapters 12 onwards. On Thucydides, G. E. M. de Sainte Croix, (2004), especially chapters 12 onwards. On Thucydides, G. E. M. de Sainte Croix, Origins of the Peloponnesian War Origins of the Peloponnesian War (1972), 534, is a cla.s.sic, as is the rest of the book; Tim Rood, (1972), 534, is a cla.s.sic, as is the rest of the book; Tim Rood, Thucydides: Narrative and Explanation Thucydides: Narrative and Explanation (1998) is important; A. Andrewes and K. J. Dover, (1998) is important; A. Andrewes and K. J. Dover, Commentary on Thucydides Commentary on Thucydides, volumes IV and V (1981), are also fundamental, although we disagree about Thucydides 8.97.2. The latest commentary in progress is S. Hornblower, A Commentary on Thucydides A Commentary on Thucydides (19916, so far). On a Spartan's brutality, Sherry Lee Ba.s.sett, in (19916, so far). On a Spartan's brutality, Sherry Lee Ba.s.sett, in Ancient History Bulletin Ancient History Bulletin (2001), 113; compare S. Hornblower, in Hans van Wees, (2001), 113; compare S. Hornblower, in Hans van Wees, War and Violence in Ancient Greece War and Violence in Ancient Greece (2000), 5782, on their canes, and Clifford Hindley, in (2000), 5782, on their canes, and Clifford Hindley, in Cla.s.sical Quarterly Cla.s.sical Quarterly (1994), 34766, on their s.e.x-lives. For a memorable view of the war's impact, Gilbert Murray, in (1994), 34766, on their s.e.x-lives. For a memorable view of the war's impact, Gilbert Murray, in Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies (1944), 19; for one which is more factually based, Barry Strauss, (1944), 19; for one which is more factually based, Barry Strauss, Athens after the Peloponnesian War: Cla.s.s, Faction and Policy, 403386 BC Athens after the Peloponnesian War: Cla.s.s, Faction and Policy, 403386 BC (1987). (1987).

CHAPTER 15. 15. SOCRATES SOCRATES.

C. C. W. Taylor, Socrates Socrates (1998) is an excellent short guide; Gregory Vlastos, (1998) is an excellent short guide; Gregory Vlastos, Socrates Socrates (1991) is a fuller, vigorous study; R. C. T. Parker, (1991) is a fuller, vigorous study; R. C. T. Parker, Athenian Religion: A History Athenian Religion: A History (1996), 152218, is very important, with E. R. Dodds, (1996), 152218, is very important, with E. R. Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational The Greeks and the Irrational (1951), 179206, a cla.s.sic. W. G. Forrest, in (1951), 179206, a cla.s.sic. W. G. Forrest, in Yale Cla.s.sical Studies Yale Cla.s.sical Studies (1975), 3752, is still the outstanding study of the 'generation gap', though composed in 1968 whose (1975), 3752, is still the outstanding study of the 'generation gap', though composed in 1968 whose evenements evenements are audible in it; M. Ostwald, are audible in it; M. Ostwald, From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law (1986), 53750, studies the personnel very interestingly. Paula Gottlieb, in (1986), 53750, studies the personnel very interestingly. Paula Gottlieb, in Cla.s.sical Quarterly Cla.s.sical Quarterly (1992), 2789, is important on irony; Thomas C. Brickhouse and Nicholas D. Smith, (1992), 2789, is important on irony; Thomas C. Brickhouse and Nicholas D. Smith, The Trial and Execution of Socrates The Trial and Execution of Socrates (2002) collects sources and discussions, including the pungent one by I. F. Stone, (2002) collects sources and discussions, including the pungent one by I. F. Stone, The Trial of Socrates The Trial of Socrates (1997); James A. Coliasco, (1997); James A. Coliasco, Socrates against the Athenians Socrates against the Athenians (2001) and Malcolm Schofield, in T. P. Wiseman (ed.), (2001) and Malcolm Schofield, in T. P. Wiseman (ed.), Cla.s.sics in Progress Cla.s.sics in Progress (2002), 26384, on Socrates and the lot. Paul Zanker, (2002), 26384, on Socrates and the lot. Paul Zanker, The Mask of Socrates The Mask of Socrates (1995, English translation) is a fine study of the later portraitures. (1995, English translation) is a fine study of the later portraitures.

CHAPTER 16. 16. FIGHTING FOR FREEDOM AND JUSTICE FIGHTING FOR FREEDOM AND JUSTICE.

S. Hornblower, The Greek World, 479323 BC The Greek World, 479323 BC (2002, 3rd edn.), 21060, is an excellent guide through the complex events; J. K. Davies, (2002, 3rd edn.), 21060, is an excellent guide through the complex events; J. K. Davies, Democracy and Cla.s.sical Greece Democracy and Cla.s.sical Greece (1993, 2nd edn.), 134260, is an interpretative survey; N. G. L. Hammond, (1993, 2nd edn.), 134260, is an interpretative survey; N. G. L. Hammond, A History of Greece to 322 BC A History of Greece to 322 BC (1967), 466520, and especially pages 6635 on army-numbers in the main states; P. Carlier, (1967), 466520, and especially pages 6635 on army-numbers in the main states; P. Carlier, Le IVeme siecle avant J.-C.: Approaches historiographiques Le IVeme siecle avant J.-C.: Approaches historiographiques (1996). J. Roy, in Roger Brock and Stephen Hodkinson (eds.), (1996). J. Roy, in Roger Brock and Stephen Hodkinson (eds.), Alternative to Athens Alternative to Athens (2000), 30826, is important on Arcadia, with Frank W. Walbank, (2000), 30826, is important on Arcadia, with Frank W. Walbank, Selected Papers Selected Papers (1985), chapters 1 and 2, on Greek nationality and Greek 'federalism'; Alexander f.u.ks, (1985), chapters 1 and 2, on Greek nationality and Greek 'federalism'; Alexander f.u.ks, Social Conflict in Ancient Greece Social Conflict in Ancient Greece (1984), with A. W. Lintott, (1984), with A. W. Lintott, Violence, Civil Strife and Revolution in the Cla.s.sical City Violence, Civil Strife and Revolution in the Cla.s.sical City (1982), chapters 6 and 7; M. N. Tod, (1982), chapters 6 and 7; M. N. Tod, International Arbitration among the Greeks International Arbitration among the Greeks (1913) is still valuable. (1913) is still valuable.

CHAPTER 17. 17. WOMEN AND CHILDREN WOMEN AND CHILDREN.

Jenifer Neils and John H. Oakley, Coming of Age in Ancient Greece: Images of Childhood from the Cla.s.sical Past Coming of Age in Ancient Greece: Images of Childhood from the Cla.s.sical Past (2003), with excellent ill.u.s.trations; Mark Golden, (2003), with excellent ill.u.s.trations; Mark Golden, Children and Childhood in Cla.s.sical Athens Children and Childhood in Cla.s.sical Athens (1990); Mark Golden, in (1990); Mark Golden, in Greece and Rome Greece and Rome (1988), 15262, on whether the ancients cared when children died. On abortion, K. Kapparis, (1988), 15262, on whether the ancients cared when children died. On abortion, K. Kapparis, Abortion in the Ancient World Abortion in the Ancient World (2002); D. Ogden, (2002); D. Ogden, Greek b.a.s.t.a.r.dy Greek b.a.s.t.a.r.dy (1996); J.-M. Hannick, 'Droit de cite et mariages mixtes', in (1996); J.-M. Hannick, 'Droit de cite et mariages mixtes', in L'Antiquite cla.s.sique L'Antiquite cla.s.sique (1976), 13348; Mary R. Lefkowitz and Maureen A. Fant, (1976), 13348; Mary R. Lefkowitz and Maureen A. Fant, Women's Life in Greece and Rome: A Sourcebook Women's Life in Greece and Rome: A Sourcebook (1992); Ellen D. Reeder, (1992); Ellen D. Reeder, Pandora: Women in Cla.s.sical Greece Pandora: Women in Cla.s.sical Greece (1995); Helen King, (1995); Helen King, Hippocrates' Woman: Reading the Female Body in Ancient Greece Hippocrates' Woman: Reading the Female Body in Ancient Greece (1998) is excellent on medical fantasies; James Davidson, (1998) is excellent on medical fantasies; James Davidson, Courtesans and Fishcakes Courtesans and Fishcakes (1998), 73212, on prost.i.tution and s.e.x; Sian Lewis, (1998), 73212, on prost.i.tution and s.e.x; Sian Lewis, The Athenian The Athenian Woman Woman (2002), very good on the iconography; Pierre Brule, (2002), very good on the iconography; Pierre Brule, Women of Ancient Greece Women of Ancient Greece (2003, English translation), a thoughtful study; Debra Hamel, (2003, English translation), a thoughtful study; Debra Hamel, Trying Neaira Trying Neaira (2003) is an excellent, clear read. On education, H. I. Marrou, (2003) is an excellent, clear read. On education, H. I. Marrou, Histoire de L'education dans L'antiquite Histoire de L'education dans L'antiquite (1965, revised edn.) is cla.s.sic. Matthew Dillon, (1965, revised edn.) is cla.s.sic. Matthew Dillon, Girls and Women in Cla.s.sical Greek Religion Girls and Women in Cla.s.sical Greek Religion (2002), with the excellent study of R. G. Osborne, in (2002), with the excellent study of R. G. Osborne, in Cla.s.sical Quarterly Cla.s.sical Quarterly (1993), 392405. On King Philip's family, Kate Mortensen, in (1993), 392405. On King Philip's family, Kate Mortensen, in Ancient History Bulletin Ancient History Bulletin (1992), 15671. (1992), 15671.

CHAPTER 18. 18. PHILIP OF MACEDON PHILIP OF MACEDON.

The evidence for Philip and his predecessors is admirably a.s.sembled by N. G. L. Hammond and G. T. Griffith, A History of Macedonia A History of Macedonia, volume II (1979), 113722, with very lengthy discourse. There are short biographies by G. L. c.a.w.kwell, Philip of Macedon Philip of Macedon (1978) and a remarkable construct by N. G. L. Hammond, (1978) and a remarkable construct by N. G. L. Hammond, Philip of Macedon Philip of Macedon (1994), a eulogy; on Macedonian Greek, M. B. Hatzopoulos, in (1994), a eulogy; on Macedonian Greek, M. B. Hatzopoulos, in Atti XI Congresso Intern.a.z.ionale di Epigrafia Greca e Latina Atti XI Congresso Intern.a.z.ionale di Epigrafia Greca e Latina, volume I (1999), 25773, and Supplementum Epigraphic.u.m Graec.u.m XLIX (1999) numbers 6567; Rene Ginouves, Macedonia from Philip II to the Roman Conquest Macedonia from Philip II to the Roman Conquest (1993) gives a good idea of finds in Macedon, up to that date; M. B. Hatzopoulos and Louisa D. Loukopoulos (eds.), (1993) gives a good idea of finds in Macedon, up to that date; M. B. Hatzopoulos and Louisa D. Loukopoulos (eds.), Philip of Macedon Philip of Macedon (1981) includes good essays by G. T. Griffith on Philip as a general and M. Andronicos (the hero of this subject) on the Royal Tombs at Aigai; M. Andronicos, (1981) includes good essays by G. T. Griffith on Philip as a general and M. Andronicos (the hero of this subject) on the Royal Tombs at Aigai; M. Andronicos, Vergina: The Royal Tombs and the Ancient City Vergina: The Royal Tombs and the Ancient City (1989) and (1989) and Vergina II: The Tomb of Persephone Vergina II: The Tomb of Persephone (1994) are stunning, with A. N. J. W. Prag, J. H. Musgrave and R. A. H. Neave, in (1994) are stunning, with A. N. J. W. Prag, J. H. Musgrave and R. A. H. Neave, in Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies Journal of h.e.l.lenic Studies (1984), 6078; attempts to attribute Tomb II to Philip III continue on unconvincing grounds and are increasingly behind the evidence now available on site; O. Palagia, in E. J. Baynham and A. B. Bosworth, (1984), 6078; attempts to attribute Tomb II to Philip III continue on unconvincing grounds and are increasingly behind the evidence now available on site; O. Palagia, in E. J. Baynham and A. B. Bosworth, Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction (2000), 189200, is a recent example. (2000), 189200, is a recent example.