Part 9 (1/2)

Sing Do thou, let him do; Plur Let us do, do ye, let the I do, thou do, he do; Plur We do, ye do, they do

The rest are as in the Indicative

Infinite To do, to have done

Participle present Doing

Participle preterit Done

Do is sometimes used superfluously, as I do love, I did love; simply for I love, or I loved; but this is considered as a vitious mode of speech

It is sometimes used emphatically; as,

I do love thee, and when I love thee not, Chaos is coain Shakespeare

It is frequently joined with a negative; as, I like her, but I do not love her; I wished him success, but did not help him This, by custom at least, appearsthe saative adverb after the verb, I like her, but love her not

The imperative prohibitory is seldom applied in the second person, at least in prose, without the word do; as, Stop him, but do not hurt him; Praise beauty, but do not dote on it

Its chief use is in interrogative forh all the persons; as, Do I live? Dost thou strike me? Do they rebel?

Did I coative interrogations; Do I not yet grieve? Did she not die?

Do and did are thus used only for the present and si neuter verbs, which, when it is used, may not improperly deno to the passive form by the help of the verb substantive to be They answer nearly to the reciprocal verbs in French; as, I am risen, surrexi, Latin; Je me suis leve, French I alked out, exieram: Je m'etois promene

In like , eo I a, illaan ene, et???a??e? pe??pat???te?, I have been walking, I had been walking, I shall or will be walking

There is another ives it a passive signification: as, The grara, ara excuduntur This is, in my opinion, a vitious expression, probably corrupted from a phrase , The brass is a forging; a being properly at, and printing and forging verbal nouns signifying action, according to the analogy of this language

The indicative and conjunctive moods are by modern writers frequently confounded, or rather the conjunctive is wholly neglected, when some convenience of versification docs not invite its revival It is used ah, ere, before, till or until, whether, except, unless, whatsoever, who; as, Doubtless thou art our father, though Abrahae us not

Of IRREGULAR VERBS

The English verbs were divided by Ben Jonson into four conjugations, without any reason arising froe, which has properly but one conjugation, such as has been exemplified: from which all deviations are to be considered as anomalies, which are indeed, in our monosyllable Saxon verbs, and the verbs derived from them, very frequent; but ales, follow the regular forular only in the formation of the preterit, and its participle Indeed, in the scantiness of our conjugations, there is scarcely any other place for irregularity

The first irregularity is a slight deviation froular form, by rapid utterance or poetical contraction: the last syllable ed is often joined with the former by suppression of e; as lov'd for loved; after c, ch, sh, f, k, x, and after the consonants s, th, when ly pronounced, and sometimes after m, n, r, if preceded by a short vowel, t is used in pronunciation, but very seldo rather than d; as plac't, snatch't, fish't, wak't, dwel't, smel't for plac'd, snatch'd, fish'd, wak'd, dwel'd, smel'd; or placed, snatched, fished, waked, dwelled, smelled

Those words which terminate in l or ll, or p, e; as crept, felt, dwelt; Soed into t; as vext: this is not constant

A long vowel is often changed into a short one; thus kept, slept, wept, crept, swept; from the verbs to keep, to sleep, to weep, to creep, to sweep

Where d or t go before, the additional letter d or t, in this contracted form, coalesce into one letter with the radical d or t: if t were the radical, they coalesce into t; but if d were the radical, then into d or t, as the one or the other letter may be more easily pronounced; as read, led, spread, shed, shred, bid, hid, chid, fed, bled, bred, sped, strid, slid, rid; from the verbs to read, to lead, to spread, to shed, to shread, to bid, to hide, to chide, to feed, to bleed, to breed, to speed, to stride, to slide, to ride And thus cast, hurt, cost, burst, eat, beat, sweat, sit, quit, smit, writ, bit, hit, met, shot; from the verbs to cast, to hurt, to cost, to burst, to eat, to beat, to sweat, to sit, to quit, to smite, to write, to bite, to hit, to irt; froird