Part 74 (1/2)
=Subercase, Lieutenant.= =F= In command at Lachine, on occasion of ma.s.sacre, 225; sent to island of Orleans to watch Phipps, 303. =L= Anxious to attack Indians at Lachine, 226. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_.
=Suete.= =WM= A swamp, near Ste. Foy, 252.
=Sullivan, John= (1740-1795). Commanded northern army during Revolutionary War in 1776; served in Canada; and took part in the battles of Trenton, Brandywine, and Germantown. =Index=: =Hd= Lays waste Iroquois settlements, 151. =Dr= In command of American army at Sorel, 145. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Sullivan, Robert Baldwin= (1802-1853). Born in Bandon, Ireland. Came to Canada with his father, 1819, and settled at York. Studied law and called to the bar, 1828. Practised for a time at Vittoria, in the county of Norfolk. Elected mayor of Toronto, 1835. Appointed to the Executive Council by Sir Francis Bond Head, 1836. Served in the militia during the Rebellion of 1837. Appointed to the Legislative Council, 1839; member of the first Executive Council after the union of Upper and Lower Canada; continued in office under the La Fontaine-Baldwin administration.
Resigned office with his colleagues, 1843; defended the course of the ministry against Sir Charles Metcalfe in a series of letters in the _Examiner_, under the _nom de plume_ of ”Legion.” Again took office as provincial secretary in the second La Fontaine-Baldwin administration.
Appointed judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, 1848; judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 1850. =Index=: =BL= Enters into law partners.h.i.+p with Baldwin, 32; his character, 32, 77; president of the Council, 1841, 76; Baldwin's att.i.tude to, 80; member of Legislative Council, 83; defends the government, 130-131; remains in office under La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 133, 134; defends La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, in Metcalfe crisis, 214; speaks before Reform a.s.sociation, Toronto, 223; in political controversy, 238, 243-244; provincial secretary, 284. =B= Writes series of letters, over signature of ”Legion,” on responsible government, 211; provincial secretary in Baldwin-La Fontaine government, 211; his address on resources of North-West Territories, 211; urges importance of British settlement of North-West, 211; and responsible government, 261. =Sy= Introduces union resolutions in Legislative Council, 209, 228; president of Council under union, 283; duties and salary, 334. =R= His connection with university scheme, 153. =E= Provincial secretary in La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 53. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_ and _Last Forty Years_; Read, _Lives of the Judges_.
=Sullivan, William Wilfrid= (1843- ). Born at New London, Prince Edward Island. Educated at Central Academy and St. Dunstan's College, Charlottetown. Engaged for a time in journalism; studied law and called to the bar, 1867. Elected to the a.s.sembly; held office as attorney-general; premier, 1879-1889; chief-justice of Prince Edward Island, 1889. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, Duc de= (1560-1641). Trusted counsellor of Henry IV of France. =Index=: =Ch= False report of his death, 64.
=Bib.=: _Memoires, 1634-1662_.
=Sulpicians.= A Canadian order, founded by Jean Jacques Olier, in 1640, as part of the threefold religious settlement of Ville Marie. Named after Olier's parish of St. Sulpice, in Paris. After Maisonneuve had laid the foundations of Montreal, the Sulpicians built their Seminary, and became proprietors of the island, much of which still remains in their possession. They encouraged settlement on their seigniory, and in 1666, when Queylus was superior, granted a large tract of land at Lachine to La Salle. Among the notable members of the order in its early days were the Abbe Fenelon and Dollier de Ca.s.son, the latter the historian of the order. =Index=: =F= Religious order, come to Montreal with Maisonneuve, 42; work of colonization done by, 56; Frontenac friendly to, 74; seigniors of the island of Montreal, 97; their missions, 166, 168. =L= Four priests of the order come to Canada, 25; peculiarly devoted to the Virgin Mary, 85; build new chapter house, 90; acquire island of Montreal and seigniory of St. Sulpice, 108, 135; large contributions of, to work of evangelization, 136; parish of Montreal attached to, 175; send pet.i.tion to the king, 183; union with Foreign Missions of Paris, 221. =Sy= Incorporation of Seminary of, 255. =C= Their quarrel with Bishop Bourget, 80. =Bib.=: Dollier de Ca.s.son, _Histoire de Montreal_; Faillon, _Colonie Francaise en Canada_; Parkman, _La Salle_.
=Sulte, Benjamin= (1841- ). Born at Three Rivers. Served as a volunteer in the Fenian Raids, 1865-1866; employed in the Department of Militia and Defence, 1870-1903; president of Royal Society of Canada, 1904.
=Index=: =Hd= On Haldimand, 291-292. =Bib.=: Works: _Les Laurentiennes_; _Chants Nouveaux_; _Melanges d'Histoire_; _Histoire des Canadiens-Francais_; _Pages d'Histoire du Canada_; _Histoire de la Milice Canadienne_; _Bataille de Chateauguay_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.
=Sumner, Charles= (1811-1874). American statesman, and leader in the anti-slavery movement. Elected to Senate, 1851; chairman of committee on foreign affairs, 1861. =Index=: =B= Very favourable to Reciprocity Treaty, 226. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Sunday.= =S= Little observed in Simcoe's time, so far as transaction of public business was concerned, 198.
=Superior, Lake.= Area 31,800 square miles. Discovered by etienne Brule, in 1622. In the next quarter century the devoted Jesuit Fathers penetrated to the sh.o.r.es of the lake. Jogues and Raymbault preached the Faith at the outlet of the lake in 1641; Menard attempted a mission on the south sh.o.r.e in 1661; and a few years later Allouez explored most of the same side. Radisson and Chouart penetrated to the western end of the lake and beyond in 1661; and Du Lhut covered much the same ground in 1678-1681. From that time, the sh.o.r.es of the lake became familiar ground to missionaries, explorers, and fur traders. =Bib.=: Kohl, _Wanderings round Lake Superior_; Aga.s.siz, _Lake Superior_; b.u.t.terfield, _History of Brule's Discoveries_.
=Supreme Court of Canada.= Created by Act of Parliament in 1875.
Consists of a chief-justice and five puisne judges, who, also const.i.tuted the Exchequer Court until 1887, when the latter was separated. The first chief-justice was Sir William Buell Richards, 1875-1879; succeeded by Sir William Johnston Ritchie, 1879-1892; Sir Samuel Henry Strong, 1892-1902; Sir Henri Elzear Taschereau, 1902-1906; and Sir Charles Fitzpatrick, since 1906. =Index=: =Md= Bill for establishment of, shaped, 1868-1870, but not pa.s.sed until 1875, 151.
=Surprise.= =Dr= British frigate, arrival of, 137.
=Sutherland.= =WM= British frigate, with five other vessels, pa.s.ses up the river, 123; Wolfe on board of, opposite Cap Rouge, 166; his last proclamation from, 172; Wolfe's conversation with Jervis on board of, 175; signal given from, for movement of the army, 179.
=Sutherland, Thomas J.= =Mc= Plans occupation of Navy Island, 412; his lack of discretion, 412; starts for Michigan, 418; reaches Detroit, 427; meets Handy, 427; lands on Bois Blanc Island, 428; taken by Loyalists, 431; found guilty, but released, 431. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_.
=Sutton, H. T. Manners.= _See_ Canterbury.
=Suze, Treaty of.= Signed April 24, 1629. Under its terms peace was declared between France and England; the former French possessions in America to revert to France. The conditions were not fulfilled until three years later. =Index=: =Ch= Signed by England and France, April 24, 1629, 183; ancient possessions of England in America given to France by, 213. =Bib.=: Hertslet, _Treaties and Conventions_.
=Sweatman, Arthur= (1834-1909). Born in London, England. Educated at Christ College, Cambridge. Headmaster of h.e.l.lmuth College, London, Ontario, 1865-1872; rector of Grace Church, Brantford, 1872-1876; archdeacon of Brant, 1876-1879. Succeeded Dr. Bethune as bishop of Toronto, 1879; and in 1907 elected archbishop and metropolitan, and primate of all Canada. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._; Mockridge, _The Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_.
=Swiss=. =Hd= Their bravery, 7, 8; take up lands in English colonies, 9; scheme to form them into a regiment, 9.
=Switzerland=. =Hd= Dangerous situation of, 4.
=Sydenham, Charles Edward Poulett Thomson, first Baron= (1799-1841).
=Sy= Represented (as Charles Edward Poulett Thomson) city of Manchester in House of Commons, 2; his liberal views, 3; birth, 4; enters office of his father's firm at St. Petersburg, 5; introduced to best society there, 5; returns to England, 6; foreign travel, 6; linguistic acquirements, 6; returns to St. Petersburg, 7; visits central, southern, and eastern Russia, 7; spends part of winter at Vienna, 8; his journals, 8; death of his mother, 8; yields to prevalent mania for speculation, 10, 14; adopts new economic views, 12; becomes a.s.sociated with philosophic Liberals, 13; candidate for representation of Dover in Commons, 13; incurs heavy expenses, 14; elected, 15; votes for reduction in duty on corn, 15; his view of politics, 16; his speech on the Navigation Acts, 17; advocates ballot and repeal of usury laws, 18; supports repeal of Test and Corporation Acts, 18; a believer in free trade, 18; moderate in his views, 19; suffers from gout, 20; spends winter in Paris and meets many able men, 20; speaks on parliamentary reform, 21; on the national system of taxation, 22, 23; recommends income tax, 24; made vice-president of Board of Trade, and treasurer of navy, 25; tariff reform and vested interests, 27, 29; takes little part in framing Reform Bill, 28; but devotes much attention to the public accounts, 28; negotiates commercial treaty with France, 29; his excessive labours, 30; elected both for Manchester and for Dover, 31; elects to sit for Manchester, 31; an advocate of commercial freedom, 33-38; great dinner given to, at Manchester, 37; his views on banking, 38; on the corn duties, 39; on free trade, 41; president of Board of Trade in reconstructed government, 43; Greville's description of, 43, 44; returns to office with Melbourne (1835), 46; re-elected (over Gladstone) for Manchester, 48; a departmental worker rather than an active politician, 49; description of, by Thomas Raikes, 49; makes commercial treaty with Austria, 50; founds school of design and promotes international copyright, 51; provides for regulation of railway charters, 53; collects statistics, 54; Lord Melbourne's estimate of his abilities, 56; accepts governor-generals.h.i.+p of Canada, in preference to chancellors.h.i.+p of the exchecquer, 57-59; instructor for Canada in principles of responsible government, 83; his tact in dealing with that question, 104; makes important changes in draft bill for reunion of provinces, 124; news of his appointment received in Canada, 129; appointment not acceptable to all parties, 129-132; Reformers of Upper Canada disposed to favour him, 133; article in _Colonial Gazette_ on his mission, 136-141; his views on question of French nationality, 137; on parties in Upper Canada, 138; on responsible government, 139; his instructions, 141; Lord John Russell's letter accompanying instructions to, 141-144; large discretion intrusted to him, 144; sails in frigate _Pique_ from Portsmouth, 147; arrival at Quebec, 147; his reflections on s.h.i.+pboard, 147, 148; sworn in, 149; his proclamation, 149, 150; address of the Quebec Committee of Trade, 152; meets Sir George Arthur at Montreal, 153; his task, to place Cabinet government in Canada on stable basis, 179, 187; forced to exercise an unusual measure of political control, 188; opposed by ultra-Tories and ultra-Radicals, 189; consults with Chief-Justice Stuart of Lower Canada, 191; summons Special Council of Lower Canada to consider question of union, 192; proceeds to Upper Canada, 195; describes navigation of the St. Lawrence, 196; arrives at Toronto and takes over government of province, 197; his significant reply to address of Toronto corporation, 198; calls for a return of revenue and expenditure of province, 198; describes condition of things in Upper Canada, 200-203; speech on opening of Upper Canada Legislature, 203, 204; thought too sympathetic with French-Canadians, 205, 233; carries union resolutions in Upper Canada Legislature, 203-210; his personal influence very marked, 210, 211; acknowledges support given to him by Reformers and moderate Conservatives, 213, 214; reports to the colonial secretary on the state of Upper Canada, 215-226; unpopular with French-Canadians, 233; decides to attempt settlement of Clergy Reserves question, 238; his message on the subject to the Legislative a.s.sembly, 245, 246; secures pa.s.sing of bill, 248; is non-committal on subject of responsible government, 249; his report on session to colonial secretary, 250, 251; goes to Montreal to meet Special Council, 253; describes situation in Lower Canada, 253-255; proceeds to Nova Scotia, 257; reports on situation there, 259-263; fails to antic.i.p.ate full action of responsible government in the colonies, 263, 264; visits New Brunswick at request of Sir John Harvey, 264; returning to Canada, visits Eastern Towns.h.i.+ps, 265; tour through Upper Canada, 265-268; well received everywhere, 267; proposes to fix capital of united provinces at Kingston, 268; not so popular in Lower Canada, 269; notified that royal a.s.sent had been given to Union Act, 271; raised to peerage as Baron Sydenham and Toronto, 272; his strong desire that Union Act should provide a munic.i.p.al system for Canada, 273-275; favours Kingston as seat of government, 281; authorized to proclaim Union, 282; appoints 10th of February, 1841, as date, 282; becomes from that date governor-in-chief of united province, 282; issues proclamation to people, 282; issues writ for general election, 282; his sympathy with French-Canadians, 284; changes electoral limits of Montreal and Quebec by attaching suburbs to adjoining counties, 285, 286; unable to give French-Canadians representation in his Cabinet owing to their rooted opposition to union, 288; supported by moderate Reformers, 291; his difficulty with Baldwin, 294-296; much aggrieved by Baldwin's action, 299; his a.n.a.lysis of the Legislature of 1841, 303, 304; his belief in theory of responsible government, 312, 313; his efforts to improve financial conditions, 315, 320; promises in speech from throne Imperial loan in aid of public works, 320; his views on emigration, 321; his satisfaction over pa.s.sing of Local Government Bill, 325; interest in public works, 326; his plan for a bank of issue, 327; plan not suited to Canadian conditions at the time, 329; partial adoption of, many years later, 330; reorganizes public departments and Executive Council, 331-335; takes part in extradition and boundary negotiations with the United States, 336; serious illness, 337; sends resignation to take effect on close of session, 338; his confidence in the solidity of his work, 338; his absorption in his work, 339; receives Grand Cross of Bath, 340; meets with fatal accident, 341; his fort.i.tude in suffering, 342; his last words to the Legislature, 342; his high opinion of Lord John Russell, 343; his death, 343; buried at Kingston, 344; eulogy of, by Dr. Ryerson, 346, 347; by Joseph Howe, 348, 349; general support given to his ideas by home government, 350; his special qualifications for his work in Canada, 352-355; gradually gains favour with French-Canadians, 355; his administration marks transition from the old system to the new, 356. =B= French-Canadians complain they are outraged by, 15-16. =E= His character, 2, 14; appointed governor-general to complete the union and establish responsible government, 26-29; his qualities, 29; his death, 30; his ca.n.a.l policy, 96-97; his proposed settlement of Clergy Reserves, 156-157. =C= Sent to Canada to carry out some of Durham's recommendations, 12; his character, 12; att.i.tude towards Canadians, 12; secures approval of union scheme, 12-13; persuades Upper Canada to modify conditions of union, 14; wins the elections, 15; his const.i.tutional battle with La Fontaine as to meaning of ministerial responsibility, 97; asked to disfranchise French of Lower Canada, 99.
=R= Comes to Canada, supported by Ryerson, 122; his policy, 122; draws up resolutions on responsible government, 123-126; his influence on political life, 131; interview with Ryerson, 163; his death, 163. =H= Visits Nova Scotia, and discusses political situation with Joseph Howe and other leaders, 68. =P= His views as to political situation in Nova Scotia, 24; requests La Fontaine to enter Draper ministry, 72; referred to by Papineau, 171; his aim in bringing about union of the Canadas to crush the French-Canadians, according to La Fontaine, 174-175. =BL= In period of reconstruction, 50; sent to Canada as governor-general, 59; his previous career, 59; becomes Baron Sydenham and Toronto, 59; takes over government, and lays his plans before the Special Council, 59-60; his special project the union of the Canadas, 60-61; visits Upper Canada, 61; appoints Baldwin solicitor-general of Upper Canada, 63; his att.i.tude towards responsible government, 64-67; union project, 67-71; describes a journey in Canada in 1839, 74-75; summons Legislature, 1841, 75; appoints Legislative and Executive Councils, 75, 83; correspondence with Baldwin as to personnel of Cabinet, 79-80, 81; succeeds in carrying on the government, 85; on the luxurious surroundings of colonial legislators, 86; absent from meeting of the Houses, 86; his speech from the throne, 89; his public policy, 90; his views as to his const.i.tutional position, 97-98, 137; legislation as to munic.i.p.al government, 100-105; the resolutions on const.i.tutional government, 109-111; his death, Sept. 19, 1841, 111; Turcotte and McMullen on, 111-112; his character, 111-112; referred to in La Fontaine's speech, 128; changes boundaries of const.i.tuencies of Montreal and Quebec for political purposes, 146; this and other legislation of his repealed in 1842, 146-147; on responsible government, 161, 162, 163; dissatisfaction with his selection of Kingston as capital, 180; his instructions, 230; and Ryerson, 241; his application of the const.i.tutional system, 274; munic.i.p.al legislation under, 299. =Mc= On state of province, 406; would not have fought against rebels, 407; praises Reformers, 407; opposition from Family Compact, 407; gives responsible government, 409; surprised people had not rebelled sooner, 477. =Md= Advocate of responsible government, 17; his death, 17; secures pa.s.sage, by a.s.sembly, of Act secularizing Clergy Reserves, 1840, but on being sent to England, it is disallowed on technical grounds, 59-60. =W= His despatch to Lord John Russell on the Executive Council, 113. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Scrope, _Memoir of Life of Sydenham_.
=Sydney.= An important seaport of Nova Scotia; formerly the capital of the colony of Cape Breton. Founded in 1784, and the seat of the local government until 1820, when the island was united to Nova Scotia.
Incorporated as a town in 1886, and received a city charter in 1904.