Part 55 (1/2)
=Needham, William H.= =T= Elected for St. John, 10, 18; character, 12, 86-87; refuses to resign his seat, 24; candidate in York County, New Brunswick, 86; elected for York, 95; defeated in York, 108.
=Negroes.= =Dr= Disputed property in, at close of war, 216. _See also_ Slavery.
=Neilson, John= (1776-1848). Born in Scotland. In 1790 came to Canada, and in 1797 edited the Quebec _Gazette_. Member of the provincial a.s.sembly for Quebec County, 1818. In 1822 one of the delegates, with Papineau, sent to England to oppose the union of Upper and Lower Canada; and in 1830 went on a similar mission. Member of the Canadian Parliament, 1840; and Speaker of the Legislative Council, 1844. =Index=: =Sy= Proprietor of Quebec _Gazette_, and member of Special Council of Lower Canada, his opposition to union, 193, 194, 211, 234, 309; opposed also to responsible government, 211; continued opposition to Union Act, 287; the real leader of the French-Canadians in 1841, 295. =P= Proprietor of Quebec _Gazette_--supports Papineau in his opposition to proposed union of Upper and Lower Canada in 1822, 46-47; sent as delegate to London, 46; persecuted by Dalhousie, 55; again sent to England with French-Canadian pet.i.tion, 63; Papineau's friends.h.i.+p for, 67; Papineau's letters to, 67-68; deserts Papineau because of his violent att.i.tude towards government, 86; loses his seat in a.s.sembly, 102; attacked by Papineau, 169. =BL= Supports Papineau and popular party, 20; moves amendment against Act of 1840, 96; his amendment voted down, 97. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_; Dent, _Last Forty Years_.
=Nelles, S. S.= =R= Graduate of Victoria College, 143.
=Nelson, Horatio, Viscount= (1758-1805). Born at Burnham Thorpe, England. In 1770 entered the navy; in 1794 served under Lord Hood in the capture of Corsica; under Sir John Jervis at the battle of Cape St.
Vincent, 1797; and in 1798 defeated the French fleet in Aboukir Bay; in 1801 destroyed the Danish s.h.i.+ps and batteries at Copenhagen; at the battle of Trafalgar Bay, 1805, overwhelmed the French and Spanish fleets, but his own life was sacrificed. =Index=: =Bk= His victory at Copenhagen, 24-31; ignores signal to cease firing, 28. =Hd= Captain of _Albemarle_, enamoured of Miss Mary Simpson of Quebec, 244. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Southey, _Life of Nelson_; Mahan, _Life of Nelson_; _Dispatches and Letters_, ed. by Nicolas. _See also_ lives by Clarke and McArthur, Pettigrew, Browne, Laughton.
=Nelson, Robert= (1794-1873). Born in Montreal. Practised as a surveyor; and in 1812 served during the War. In 1827 elected with Louis J.
Papineau to the a.s.sembly as member for Montreal. In 1838, while residing in the United States, organized a force of 600 filibusters, and invaded Canada, making his headquarters at Napierville, and as president of a provisional government proclaimed a Canadian republic. The insurgents were defeated at Lacolle and Odelltown, and Nelson fled to the United States. In 1862-1873 practised as a surgeon in New York. =Index=: =P= Leads outbreak at Lacolle and Odelltown in 1838, 139-140. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.
=Nelson, Wolfred= (1792-1863). Born in Montreal. Practised medicine and served as a surgeon in the War of 1812. One of the leaders of the Rebellion of 1837; captured and banished to the Bermudas, but released in October, 1838. In 1842 returned to Montreal and resumed the practice of his profession. In 1844 elected to Parliament for Richelieu County; inspector of prisons, 1851, and chairman of the Board of Prison Inspectors, 1859. =Index=: =P= With Papineau at St. Charles meeting, 1837, 125; preaches rebellion, 126; leads _Patriotes_ at St. Denis, 128; said to have advised Papineau to leave the field, 132; a price put on his head, 137; captured, 137; exiled to Bermuda, 138; extent of his responsibility for the Rebellion, 143; throws blame on Papineau, 145.
=E= His misguided att.i.tude, 22; elected to Parliament after his return from exile, 50; his actions compared with disturbances of 1849, 76; permitted to return from exile, 91. =BL= Arrested after Rebellion in Lower Canada, 49; defeats Viger in election of 1844, 252; his house in Montreal attacked by mob, 324; at farewell banquet to La Fontaine, 354.
=C= Defeated by Colonel Wetherall, 7; entrusts Cartier with a mission, 8. =Mc= Addresses revolutionary meetings, 328; takes the field, 358.
=Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.
=Nelson River.= Rises in the Rocky Mountains, at the headwaters of Bow River, a branch of the South Saskatchewan. Length to Lake Winnipeg, 390 miles; to headwaters of the Bow, 1660 miles. The mouth of the river was discovered, and named, by Sir Thomas b.u.t.ton in 1612. He wintered there, 1612-1613. Captain Luke Foxe spent eleven days at Port Nelson in 1631.
The river itself was explored by David Thompson in 1792. Pierre Radisson visited the mouth of the river in 1669, and built the first trading-fort there. In later years the post was repeatedly captured by the French, and recaptured by or restored to the Hudson's Bay Company, in whose hands it finally remained, under the name of York Factory (_q.v._).
=Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Pathfinders of the West_ and _Conquest of the Great North-West_.
=Neptune.= =WM= s.h.i.+p in which Wolfe sailed for Quebec, 75.
=Nesbitt, William.= Accompanied Governor Cornwallis to Halifax. Acted as Secretary of Nova Scotia for several years. Afterwards practised the profession of law at Halifax. Attorney-general for twenty-five years.
Elected to the a.s.sembly, 1758; Speaker of the House, 1759-1783; retired on a pension, 1783. Died, 1784. =Bib.=: _Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.
=Nesle, Captain de.= =Ch= Brings out settlers, 252.
=Neuchatel, Canton of.= =Hd= Haldimand born in, 3.
=Neutral Nation.= An Iroquoian tribe, occupying the north sh.o.r.e of Lake Erie. First visited by the Jesuit Fathers, Brebeuf and Chaumonot, in 1640, who described them as ferocious and extremely superst.i.tious.
Despite all efforts, the attempted mission had to be abandoned. The tribe was exterminated by the Iroquois in 1650. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_; Lalemant, _Relations_, 1641, 1643; Ragueneau, _Relations_, 1648, 1651.
=New Brunswick.= The gulf coast of the province was discovered by Cartier in 1534; first settlement made by De Monts and Champlain, on St.
Croix Island, near the entrance to the Bay of Fundy, in 1604. The same year they discovered and named the St. John River, at the mouth of which La Tour built a fort in 1635. The territory embraced in this province formed part of Acadie under French rule. It was included in Nova Scotia from the date of the cession to England up to 1784, when it became a separate province. =Index=: =Dr= Creation of province, 224. =Sy= Satisfactory political condition of, 265. =B= Confederation an issue in, and government defeated, 182-183; British government brings pressure on, in interests of Confederation, 186-187, 206. =Md= Its att.i.tude towards Confederation, 123; appoints delegates to confer on question of, 125; sullen on completion of, 129; result of first general election in, 141; selection of routes for Intercolonial through, 152; boundary dispute, 152; low tariff in, before Confederation, 218; supports Mackenzie in election of 1878, 228; a.s.sents to resolution in favour of unrestricted reciprocity, 298. _See also_ Acadia; Nova Scotia; St. John; De Monts; Champlain. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of Acadia_ and _History of New Brunswick_.
=New Brunswick, College of.= =W= Early history of, 10. _See also_ New Brunswick, University of; King's College (New Brunswick).
=New Brunswick, University of.= =W= Established as provincial university, 1859, 51; formerly King's College, previous history, 86; part of Madras school property handed over to, 88. =T= History of, 48-49. _See also_ New Brunswick, College of; King's College (New Brunswick).
=New Brunswick Land Company.= =W= Involved in crown lands dispute, 26, 29, 36.
=New Caledonia.= =D= Traversed by Mackenzie, 56; origin of name, 56; extent of district, 56; so named about 1806, 59; described, 97; furs and other products of the district, 99. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_; Morice, _Northern Interior of British Columbia_.
=New Company.= =F= Name given to trading Company formed by inhabitants of Canada in 1645, 36.
=New France.= Name given to the French possessions in North America, otherwise known as Canada and Acadia. First discovered by Jacques Cartier in 1534. First settlement made in Acadia by De Monts, in 1604; and in Canada, by Champlain, in 1608. =Index=: =E= Government of, 171-172; feudal tenure, etc., in, 171-185. =Ch= Population of colony in 1629, 208; births, deaths, and marriages, 209; restoration of, demanded by French king, 212; ceded back to France, 213; limits of, not clearly defined, 222; colony based on religion, 255. _See also_ Canada; Acadia; Quebec; Port Royal; Montreal; Cartier; Champlain; Monts; Frontenac; La Salle. =Bib.=: Charlevoix, _Histoire de la Nouvelle France_; Lescarbot, _Histoire de la Nouvelle France_; Cartier, _Voyages_; Champlain, _Voyages_; Parkman, _Works_.