Part 53 (1/2)
=Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Montbeillard.= =WM= Receives note from Bougainville, 162; his letter to Bougainville, 178.
=Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Marquis de= (1712-1759). =WM= Seigneur de Saint Veran, his appointment as commander-in-chief in New France, 1; his friends.h.i.+p with Chevalier de Levis, 3; birth and descent of, 3; education, 4; enters the army, 4; returns to Candiac, his birthplace, 5; his marriage, 5; colonel of Auxerrois Regiment, 6; promoted to be brigadier, 7; major-general with command of troops in North America, 7; character of, 11; his expedition sails from Brest, 12; lands at Cap Tourmente, 12; greatly interested in Quebec, 15; goes to Montreal to meet Vaudreuil, 27; king's instructions made him subordinate to Vaudreuil, 28; places troops of Fort Carillon under charge of Levis, 32; goes to Fort Frontenac, 34; captures Oswego, 34; erects a cross in commemoration of the event, 35; calls a general a.s.sembly of the Indian warriors, 40-42; vainly endeavours to arrest ma.s.sacre at Fort William Henry, 50; destroys the fort, 51; reports to home government dest.i.tute condition of country and army, 53; his victory at Fort Carillon, 54-61; erects cross with Latin inscription, 61; inveterate hatred between him and Vaudreuil, 62; returning to Quebec, finds nothing in readiness, 79; summons meeting of naval men, 80; speaks of Vaudreuil as playing the general, 83; promoted to rank of lieutenant-general, 84; sarcastic entries in his journal, 87; makes manor of De Salaberry at Beauport his headquarters, 94; his military prudence, 96; little confidence in fires.h.i.+ps, 98; prepares for an attack on Beauport side, 104; consults Levis as to concentration of their forces, 106; not anxious to dislodge British from left bank of Montmorency, 119; gains battle at the Montmorency River, 138-141; accuses English of scalping, 150; despondent, 151; letter to Bourlamaque, 157; rearranges his forces, 159; thought cliff above Quebec inaccessible, 160; writes to Levis expressing desire to have him near, 165; despondent but determined to hold out, 173; completely deceived by feint made by British at Beauport, 174; his anxiety respecting boats bringing provisions, 175; learns that the British have gained the heights, 187, 188; sends forward troops and immediately follows, 188; orders all remaining troops forward, 190; disregards Vaudreuil's request not to precipitate engagement, 193; his action severely criticized, 193, 194; encourages his troops, 196; mortally wounded, 201; consulted by Vaudreuil as to best course to pursue, 212; carried into house of Dr. Arnoux, 218; his message to Townshend, 219; death and burial, 220, 221; forgotten in France, remembered and honoured in Canada, 239. =P= Causes of his defeat at Quebec, 143. =Hd= At Carillon, 18; unable to take advantage of victory there, 22; destroys fort at Oswego, 25; a forged letter of, 49; his memory green with Canadians, 122; referred to in D'Estaing's appeal, 123. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Wood, _The Fight for Canada_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Bradley, _The Fight with France_; Bonnechose, _Montcalm et le Canada Francais_; Casgrain, _Montcalm et Levis_; Martin, _Le Marquis de Montcalm_; Guerin, _Montcalm_; _Ma.n.u.scrits de Levis_, ed. by Casgrain, vols. 6 and 7.
=Monteagle, Thomas Spring-Rice, Baron= (1790-1866). British statesman.
=Index=: =Sy= Chancellor of the Exchequer, 55, 56; elevated to the peerage as Lord Monteagle, 57. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Montgomery, John=. =W= Becomes member of New Brunswick government, 72.
=T= Surveyor-general, 41.
=Montgomery, John= (1783-1879). Born in Gagetown, New Brunswick.
Accompanied his father to York about 1799, where he settled. Served with the York Volunteers during the War of 1812-1814. An active supporter of the Reform party in Upper Canada. At outbreak of Rebellion of 1837 was a boarder at the tavern, of which he was owner, on Yonge Street, Toronto.
Charged with treason and arrested; imprisoned at Fort Henry, but escaped to the United States. After the pa.s.sing of the Amnesty Act, returned to Canada and appointed postmaster at Davidtown. =Index=: =Mc= Banished, 437; escapes from Fort Henry, 437; president of a.s.sociation of Canadian Refugees, 448. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_.
=Montgomery, Richard= (1736-1775). Born in Ireland. Entered the British army, 1754, and in 1757 stationed at Halifax, Nova Scotia; served under Wolfe at the siege of Louisbourg, and in 1759 in command of the force that captured the French forts on Lake Champlain; in 1760 took part in the campaign against Montreal; in 1775 joined the American revolutionists; made brigadier-general, and in command of expedition to Canada; after reducing the fortresses of St. Johns and Chambly, and capturing Montreal, laid siege to Quebec, and on a final and unsuccessful attack on Dec. 31, 1775, mortally wounded. =Index=: =Dr= Commands American force on Lake Champlain, 96; his previous service in British army, 97; captures fort at St. Johns, 102; greatly a.s.sisted by boats captured from Carleton, 114; describes difficulty of taking Quebec, 115; joins Arnold at Pointe-aux-Trembles, 116; his summons and warning to Carleton, 118; despondent, 123; attacks Quebec, 125; his death, 126; his body recovered from snow and buried, 132. =Hd= Captures Montreal, 111; death of, 112; inhabitants neutral during attack of, 127.
=Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Bradley, _The Making of Canada_; Lucas, _History of Canada_; Smith, _Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony_; Jones, _The Campaign for the Conquest of Canada in 1776_.
=Montigny, Abbe de.= =L= t.i.tle borne by Laval in his youth, 7, 19.
=Montigny-sur-Avre.= =L= Birthplace of Laval, 17.
=Montmagny, Charles Jacques Hualt de.= Came to Canada as governor, 1636.
Strongly opposed the settlement at Montreal, 1641-1642, but finding Maisonneuve determined, accompanied him from Quebec, and gave his official countenance to the founding of the new town; in 1642 built a fort at the mouth of the Richelieu, where Sorel now stands, to check the inroads of the Iroquois; three years later arranged a treaty of peace with these troublesome neighbours; returned to France in 1648; and died there shortly afterwards. =Index=: =Ch= Restored Fort St. Louis, and named it Chateau St. Louis, 158. =F= Second governor of Canada, 27; retirement of, 35. =L= His pious administration, 8. =Bib.=: _Jesuit Relations_, ed. by Thwaites; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_; Charlevoix, _History of New France_.
=Montmorency.= Seven miles below Quebec. =Index=: =WM= British establish themselves on left bank of river, 112; unsuccessful attack by British on French position, 135-141; British loss in battle at, 142; French loss, 143; victory raises morale of French army, 145; the British evacuate their position, 158.
=Montmorency Family.= =L= Great distinction of, 16; motto of, 18. _See also_ Laval.
=Montmorency, Henri, Duc de= (1595-1632). In 1620 purchased the viceroyalty of New France from the Comte de Soissons, his brother-in-law, and retained Champlain as his lieutenant; in 1624 conveyed his rights as viceroy to Henri de Levi, Duc de Ventadour; served at the sieges of Montaubon and Montpellier, and in 1625 captured the islands of Re and Oleron. Having taken part in the rebellion of Gaston of Orleans against Louis XIII in 1632, was arrested and executed.
=Index=: =Ch= Becomes viceroy of New France, 129; his administration causes dissatisfaction, 130; his letter to Champlain, 130; resigns position of viceroy, 151; executed for treason, 215. =F= Becomes lieutenant for Canada, 17; executed for revolt, 22. =L= Executed, 18.
=Bib.=: Charlevoix, _History of New France_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.
=Montmorency, Mathieu.= =L= Ancestor of Laval, 17.
=Montmorency House.= Below Quebec. =Index=: =Hd= Residence of Haldimand, 301; occupied later by Prince William Henry and the Duke of Kent, 345.
=Montpensier, Mlle. de.= =F= Mme. Frontenac's relations with, 63.
=Montreal.= Founded May 17, 1642, by Chomedy de Maisonneuve. Champlain had selected the site thirty-one years before, as adapted to a settlement. With Maisonneuve, at the historic ceremony which gave birth to the future city of Canada, were Montmagny, governor of Quebec, Vimont, superior of the Jesuits, Madame de la Peltrie, and Mademoiselle Mance. Several years later another heroic woman, Marguerite Bourgeoys, joined the builders of the infant town. In 1653 colonization began in earnest, and in 1667 Montreal counted a population of 766. Its later history has been largely one of material progress. =Index=: =Hd= Levis at, 34; Amherst prepares to capture, 36, 37; surrender of, 38; Haldimand takes possession of, 39; Gage at, 40; under martial law, 41; Haldimand improves roads to, 45, 46; change of command at, 53; enlistment of French-Canadians in, 55-56; difficulties of government, 60; Tryon at, 91; surrenders to rebels, 111; trade with upper lakes, 124, 140; rebel spies in, 130, 274, 278; Sulpician priests deported from, 181; Haldimand visits, 186; rebel prisoners at, 187, 250; census taken, 190; postal service in, 193; its people present loyal addresses, 225; schools of, 233, 235, 236; North West Company formed at, 261; Indians in, 266; first printing press in, 276; the Riedesels at, 300; MacLean at, 306; old burying-ground in, 345. =T= Transaction connected with its bonds causes defeat of Tache government, 69. =L= Church erected at, 84; foundation stone laid by De Courcelles, 88; completion of edifice, 89; description of, 89. =F= Hotel Dieu established by Mlle. Mance, 29; beginnings of, 33; settlement in danger of extinction, 38; population in 1666, 56; Frontenac's arrival at, on his way to Cataraqui, 76; description of, 77; expedition from Albany against, 268; great rejoicings at, on arrival of trading canoes from the lakes, 324. =E= Public reception to Elgin, 41; riots at, in opposition to Rebellion Losses Bill, 73-74, 77, 78, 79; ceases to be seat of government, 78; Elgin's reference to, in his farewell address, 204. =B= Election methods in 1844, 25. =Dr= British residents of, dissatisfied with Quebec Act, 79; king's bust at, disfigured, 82; British at, with few exceptions, refuse to serve against Americans, 88; gaiety in, during winter of 1776-1777, 162. =BL= Sir Charles Bagot's public reception there, 118; Sydenham's gerrymander, 146; original boundaries restored, 146; aspires to be chosen as capital, 181; its population, etc., in 1843, 181; Dr. Tache on, 181; opposition in Upper Canada to its selection as capital, 182-183; resolution carried recommending it for capital, 182-183; MacNab's and Draper's opposition, 183; gerrymandered by government, 1844, and elects two supporters of government, 252; becomes capital, 254; address of welcome to Elgin, 275; returns La Fontaine in elections of 1848, 279; riots in, over Rebellion Losses Bill, 305, 322-325. =Sy= Charter of, reestablished, 255; change in electoral limits of, 285; two members a.s.signed to, 285. =Bk= Description and early history of, 99, 100; centre of fur trade, 100.
=Md= Ceases to be seat of government after the riots, 28, 29; issues Annexation Manifesto in 1849, 39, 40. =S= The entrepot between Britain and Upper Canada, 109. =C= Cartier warns people of the importance to city's welfare of means of transportation, 47; urged as terminus of Canadian Pacific Railway, 52. _See also_ Ville Marie; Mount Royal.
=Bib.=: Dollier de Ca.s.son, _Histoire du Montreal, 1640-1672_; Morin, _Le vieux Montreal_; McLennan, _Anciens Montrealais_ (”Canada Francais,”
vol. 3); Bosworth, _Hochelaga Depicta_; Sandham, _Ville-Marie_; Warburton, _Hochelaga_; Leblond de Brumath, _Histoire Populaire de Montreal_; Lighthall, _Montreal after Two Hundred and Fifty Years_; McLennan, _Montreal, 1642-1842_, and Dawson, _Montreal, 1842-1892_ in the _Semi-centennial Report of the Montreal Board of Trade_. _See also_ under Maisonneuve; Jean-Jacques Olier; Marguerite Bourgeoys; Mademoiselle Mance; Jeanne Le Ber; Madame d'Youville; and in publications of the Soc. Hist. de Montreal, Quebec Literary and Historical Society, and Royal Society of Canada. Contemporary descriptions are found in narratives of Kalm, Lambert, and Landmann.
=Montreal, Island of.= =Dr= Limit of French settlement, 8; governors.h.i.+p of, abolished, 21. =L= Consecrated to the Virgin Mary, 8, 85; granted to the Sulpicians, 108.
=Montreal Company.= Founded at Montreal, 1784, in opposition to the North West Company. Two Montreal merchants, John Gregory and Alexander Norman McLeod, formed a partners.h.i.+p with Peter Pond and Peter Pangman, western fur traders. Alexander Mackenzie joined the Company, and much of its success was due to his energy and resourcefulness. His cousin, Roderick Mackenzie, was also in its service. Keen rivalry resulted between the two companies, finally culminating in a tragedy; in the Athabaska department, Pond, who had deserted to the North West Company, quarrelled with his rival, Ross, and in the scuffle Ross was fatally shot. This serious news being brought down to the headquarters at Grand Portage, a conference was held, resulting in the union of the Companies in 1788. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Willson, _The Great Company_. _See also_ North West Company; X Y Company.
=Montresor.= =Dr= His survey of route through Maine, 106.