Part 52 (1/2)
=Michigan Territory.= =Bk= Ceded to Britain with surrender of Detroit, 255, 260.
=Michilimackinac.= A missionary station and fur-trading post, which stood on the straits between Lakes Huron and Michigan. The name was derived from an Algonquian tribe, the Mis.h.i.+nimaki, and in its original form meant ”Place of the big wounded person.” The name is now shortened to Mackinac. It was an important place throughout the period of French rule in Canada; and was the scene of the famous ma.s.sacre of 1763, described by Alexander Henry, and by Parkman in his _Conspiracy of Pontiac_. =Index=: =Bk= Resort of fur traders, 53; United States fort, captured by Captain Roberts, 211. =S= Handed over to United States, 142.
=MS= Migration of French to, from Detroit, 12. =Hd= Situation of, 145, 153; Sinclair in charge at, 158; an expensive fort to maintain, 161, 163; plan for settling Loyalists near, 259; Haldimand's determination regarding defence of, 260; surrender of, in 1796, 262. =Bib.=: Kelton, _Annals of Fort Mackinac_; Parkman, _Conspiracy of Pontiac_; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_.
=Micmac Indians.= An Algonquian tribe, called by the French, Souriquois.
Their habitat was in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and northern New Brunswick. Visited by Cabot in 1497; and by Corte-Real in 1501. They were for a long time bitterly hostile to the British. In 1611 they numbered about 3000; and their population in 1884 was given as 4000.
=Index=: =WM= Indian tribe, enemies of the English, 16; =H= Howe interests himself in their welfare, 245; his report on their condition, 246. =Bib.=: Biard, _Relation_, 1616; Rand, _Micmac Dictionary_; Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_.
=Middleton, Sir Frederick Dobson= (1825-1898). Born in Belfast, Ireland.
Educated at Sandhurst, and entered the army, 1842. Served in India during the mutiny, 1857-1858. In 1868 stationed in Canada; and in 1884 general in command of the militia of Canada. In 1885 commanded the Canadian troops during the Riel Rebellion, and, for his services in suppressing it, knighted and received a grant of $20,000. Appointed, 1896, keeper of the crown jewels in the Tower of London. _See_ Riel Rebellion, 1885. =Index=: =Md= Commands troops sent to quell Riel Rebellion, 242. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Denison, _Soldiering in Canada_.
=Milan Decree.= =Bk= Issued by Napoleon in 1808, 110; disastrous effects of, 110-111; 171, 172. =Bib.=: _Dict. Eng. Hist._
=Milbank Sound.= West coast of British Columbia, north of Queen Charlotte Sound, and south of Princess Royal Island. Named in 1788 by Captain Charles Duncan, of the _Princess Royal_, after Vice-admiral Mark Milbanke. =Index=: =D= Natives of, attack the _Atahualpa_, 1805, and kill the captain, mate, and six seamen, 37. =Bib.=: Walbran, _British Columbia Coast Names_.
=Militia and Defence.= =WM= Militia in Canada raised by conscription and receive no pay, 30; composition of military forces, 29-30; desertions, 119. =Dr= French-Canadian militia called out, 86; their unwillingness to serve, 87; their good behaviour at Quebec, 111, 124, 144; lose confidence in British regulars as result of American war, 242; strongly object to being enrolled, 278, 290; Militia Bill of 1777 disliked by _habitants_, 186. =Bk= Military roads in Upper Canada, 52; military posts in Upper Canada, 53-59; militia organization in Upper and Lower Canada, 190; Brock's commendation of militia in general order, 212. =S= Pa.s.sage of Militia Act of Upper Canada, 91. =C= Militia reorganized after Trent affair, and again after Confederation, 87; Cartier's interest in, 87-88, 110. =E= Under French regime, 177-178; Elgin's views on colonial defence, 209-210. =B= Government defeated on Militia Bill of 1862, 142; its terms, 142; disappointment in England over, 142; question of defence one of forces leading towards Confederation, 142, 147, 181, 182; debate in House of Lords on Canadian defence, 181, 183-184; scheme of defence, 184-185, 186; improved militia system advocated by Canada First a.s.sociation, 236. =Md= Bill defeated for better organization of, 88; militia organized, 151.
=Mill, John Stuart= (1806-1873). English philosopher. =Index=: =Sy= Sydenham's acquaintance with, 13. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Miller, James Andrew= (1839-1886). Born in Galt, Ontario. Called to the bar, 1863; judge of the Court of Queen's Bench for Manitoba, 1880-1882; attorney-general of Manitoba, 1882-1885; prepared, along with Oliver Mowat, the special case on the boundaries of Ontario and Manitoba for submission to the Privy Council; registrar-general of t.i.tles of Manitoba, 1885.
=Miller, William.= =H= Anti-Confederationist, changes his views, and moves resolution authorizing Nova Scotia delegates to frame Confederation scheme in London, 179; brings action against Annand for libel, 188.
=Millet, Pierre= (1635-1708). Born at Bourges, France. Came to Canada, 1667; sent to the Onondaga mission the following year; and in 1672 to Oneida, where he remained until 1686, labouring with characteristic devotion among his savage flock. Met Denonville at Cataraqui in 1686, and, as a result of the governor's expedition against the Iroquois, unjustly suspected by the Oneidas of being implicated. Captured by a war-party at Cataraqui, in 1689, and carried back to Oneida as a prisoner. The Oneidas threatened to kill him, but he was finally released, and adopted into the tribe. Remained at Oneida until 1694, when he returned to Quebec, where he spent his latter years. =Index=: =F= Tortured by Oneida Indians, 216. =L= On the Christian character of Garakontie, 73. =Bib.=: Campbell, _Pioneer Priests of North America_.
=Mills, David= (1831-1903). Born in the towns.h.i.+p of Orford, Kent County, Ontario. Educated at the University of Michigan. Taught school for several years; afterwards inspector of schools for Kent County until 1865. In 1867 entered the Dominion Parliament; and in 1876-1878 minister of the interior in Mackenzie administration. In 1883 called to the bar of Ontario; practised in London; and created Q. C., 1890. Appointed to the Senate, 1896; minister of justice in the Laurier administration, 1897; justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, 1901-1903. =Index=: =Md= On national policy, 224. =Bib.=: Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; Morgan, _Can.
Men_.
=Milnes, Sir Robert Sh.o.r.e= (1746-1836). Born in England. Entered the army. In 1795 governor of the island of Martinique; in 1799 appointed lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada; and during the absence of Gen.
Robert Prescott acting governor; retired, 1803. =Index=: =P= His governors.h.i.+p marked by bitter relations between French and English in Lower Canada, 27. =Bk= Lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada, 34, 45; distrusted French-Canadians, 47. =Bib.=: Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.
=Minchin, George.= =W= Appointed to New Brunswick Council, 69.
=Minto, Gilbert John Murray Kynynmond Elliot, Earl= (1847- ). Educated at Eton and Cambridge, and entered the army, 1867. Served with the Turkish army, 1877; in the Afghan War, 1879; private secretary to Lord Roberts at the Cape, 1881; took part in the Egyptian campaign, 1882.
Military secretary to the Marquis of Lansdowne when governor-general of Canada, 1883-1885; and in 1885 served through the Riel Rebellion as chief of staff to General Middleton. Governor-general of Canada, 1898-1904; viceroy of India, 1905-1910. =Index=: =Md= On Louis Riel, 240. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=Miristou.= =Ch= Montagnais chief, 159.
=Miscou.= An island on the southern side of the entrance to the Baie de Chaleur. Name probably of Indian origin. First appears in Champlain's narrative. It was the reputed home of the Gougou, a very remarkable monster, described by Champlain. Cartier sighted the island in 1534, when sailing into the Baie de Chaleur. He named Miscou Point, Cap d'Esperance. A Basque establishment is mentioned here as early as 1623; and in 1645 Nicolas Denys built a fort about the same place, having secured a concession from the Company of Miscou. =Index=: =Ch= French habitation at, seized by Kirke, 177; Jesuit mission at, 234, 235.
=Bib.=: Ganong, _Place-Nomenclature of New Brunswick_ (R. S. C., 1896); Denys, _Acadia_, ed. by Ganong; Dawson, _St. Lawrence Basin_.
=Mississagua Indians.= A tribe of Algonquian stock. They are named on Galinee's map of 1670 as occupying the north sh.o.r.e of Lake Huron, about the mouth of Thessalon River. Some were at the mission of Sault Ste.
Marie, 1670-1673. After the great Iroquois raid of 1650, they scattered to the north country. A hundred years later, some of the tribe were found on the borders of Lake Ontario. They had been absorbed by the Iroquois in 1746. About seven hundred are now living on reservations in Ontario. =Index=: =Hd= Engage in ginseng trade, 148; lands purchased from, 265. =Bib.=: Chamberlain, _Notes on the History, Customs and Beliefs of the Mississaguas_; Pilling, _Bibliography of the Algonquian Languages; Jesuit Relations_, ed. by Thwaites.
=Mississagua Point.= =Bk= At entrance to Niagara River, lighthouse, dockyard, and a fort at, 58.
=Mississippi River.= Rises in northern Minnesota, its chief source being Itasca Lake, and enters the Gulf of Mexico, after a course of 2550 miles. It was discovered by the Spaniards, early in the sixteenth century. De Soto explored the lower part of the river, and died on its banks in 1541. Radisson was probably the first white man to see its upper waters, in 1659. Jean Nicolet reached Wisconsin River in 1634, but did not descend it to the Mississippi. Jolliet and Marquette in 1673 reached the Mississippi, and descended as far as the mouth of the Arkansas. In 1682 La Salle descended the river from the mouth of the Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico. Its headwaters were discovered by David Thompson, of the North West Company, in 1798. =Index=: =WM= Exploration of, 19. =L= Exploration of, 145; La Salle reaches mouth of, 150; taken possession of, in name of king of France, 151. =Hd= Proposed ca.n.a.l route to, 77. =Bib.=: Lippincott's _Gazetteer of the World_; Parkman, _La Salle_; Chambers, _The Mississippi River and its Wonderful Valley_.
=Mitch.e.l.l, Peter= (1824-1899). Born in Newcastle, New Brunswick.
Educated at the Newcastle Grammar School; called to the bar, 1848.