Part 17 (2/2)

=Const.i.tutional Act, 1791.= The Act was designed to harmonize the conflicting interests of French and English by dividing Quebec into two provinces,--Upper and Lower Canada,--thereby giving to each a larger control of its own local affairs. It established in each province a Legislative Council, appointed by the crown for life, and a Legislative a.s.sembly, elected by the people. _See_ other const.i.tutional acts: Quebec Act, 1774; Union Act, 1840; British North America Act, 1867. =Index=: =E= Racial and political difficulties arising out of, 17, 18; Clergy Reserves granted by, 102, 119, 145, 150, 151, 158. =C= Its weak points, 6; const.i.tution suspended after Rebellion of 1837, 11; its faults exposed by Durham, 12-13. =B= Clergy Reserves originate in, 51, 52. =Sy= A fatal compromise, 68; meant to confer privileges of British const.i.tution, 73; its actual operation, 74-84; greatly increases power of French majority in Lower Canada, 72, 80. =S= Introduction of, 1; discussion of, 5-9; pa.s.sed, 10; provisions of, 10-12; its far-reaching effects, 13; put in force by proclamation, 48. =R= Its terms and how they were applied, 29-35; Clergy Reserves, 46-47; Ryerson's interpretation of, on question of established church, 78; its effect on religious questions, 103. =BL= Its terms, 6-7; Pitt and Burke on, 6; Grenville on, 7; Simcoe on, 7; its results, 8; intended to obviate racial conflict, 8; makes landed provision for Church of England, 42, 343-344. =P= Divides Canada into two provinces, 21; its shortcomings, 21-23; abuse of personal power under, 24; const.i.tution suspended, 25; suspension recommended by Sir James Craig, 29; Papineau's eulogy of, in 1820, 34-38. =Mc= Its objects, 48, 49; debate on the bill, 49, 50; handiwork of Pitt, 51; germ of the federal system, 51; divided Canada into two provinces, 52; created Legislative a.s.sembly, 52; created Legislative Council, 52; created Executive Council, 53; General Simcoe on, 54; Goldwin Smith on, 54; Durham's commentary on, 53, 56; recommends revision of, 57; provisions creating Clergy Reserves, 70; effect on parliamentary rule summarized, 71, 72; Mackenzie declares war against, 72; silent on question of executive responsibility, 80; evils of system of government summarized, 73-75; Durham on evils of, 76, 77.

=Bib.=: Bourinot, _Parliamentary Procedure and Government_ and _Manual of the Const.i.tutional History of Canada_; Houston, _Canadian Const.i.tutional Doc.u.ments; Dominion Archives Report_, 1890; Watson, _Const.i.tutional History of Canada_; Durham, _Report_; Bradshaw, _Self-Government in Canada_; Egerton and Grant, _Selected Speeches and Despatches relating to Canadian Const.i.tutional History_; Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Shortt and Doughty, _Const.i.tutional Doc.u.ments of Canada_.

=Const.i.tutional a.s.sociations.= =Sy= Of Quebec and Montreal, their aims, 112; send delegations to Upper Canada and to England to urge union of the provinces, 112.

=Const.i.tutional Reform Society.= =BL= Organized in Upper Canada, July 16, 1836. =Dr= William Baldwin, president, Francis Hincks, secretary, 42; its programme, 42.

=Cook, Dr. Henry.= =T= Tilley in his service, 7.

=Cook, Captain James= (1728-1779). Served in Canada during siege of Quebec, 1759. Discovered New Zealand, 1769, and New South Wales, 1770.

In his famous voyage of 1776-1778, explored the north-west coast of America. Returning the following year, murdered by the natives of Owhyhee or Hawaii, in the Sandwich Islands. =Index=: =D= At Nootka, 14; motive of his voyage to North-West Coast, 17; his skill, courage, and endurance, 19; search for North-West pa.s.sage, 19; his voyage of 1778, 20; refits his s.h.i.+p at Nootka, 20; names the Sound, 20; denies existence of Fonte's and De Fuca's channels, 21; discovers and names Prince William's Sound and Cook's Inlet, 21; visits Unalaska, 21; sails through and names Bering Strait, 21; reaches the Arctic, 21; killed by natives, at Sandwich Islands, Feb. 14, 1779, 21; his narrative published, 1784, 21. =Bib.=: _Voyage to the Pacific Ocean._ For biog., _see_ Besant, _Captain Cook_; Laut, _Vikings of the Pacific_; _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Cook River.= =D= Named by Captain Cook, 21; Captain Douglas there in 1788, 27, 28.

=Coote's Paradise.= =Bk= Early name of Hamilton, 52. _See also_ Hamilton.

=Copenhagen, Battle of= (1801). =Bk= Description of, 25-31; bombardment of, and capture of Danish fleet, 106.

=Coppermine River.= Rises in a small lake, a little west of long. 110, and south of lat. 66, and after a course of 525 miles flows into Coronation Gulf, on the Arctic coast of Canada. It was discovered by Samuel Hearne, 1771; and subsequently visited by Sir John Franklin, 1821; Sir John Richardson, 1848; and later travellers. =Index=: =D= Discovered by Hearne, 51. =MS= Discovered by Samuel Hearne, 3, 31. _See_ Hearne. =Bib.=: Hearne, _Journey from Prince of Wales Fort to the Frozen Ocean_; Franklin, _Journey to the Polar Sea_; Richardson, _Arctic Searching Expedition_.

=Coquart, Claude-G.o.defroy.= Jesuit missionary. Accompanied La Verendrye on his Western explorations, 1741, but got no farther than Michilimackinac. His letter, quoted by Margry, throws an interesting light on La Verendrye's explorations.

=Coram, Joseph.= =T= Runs for St. John County as Anti-Confederate, 85; a leading Orangeman, 86; defeated in St. John County, 109.

=Corbiere, Captain.= =WM= Killed in battle of Ste. Foy, 264.

=Corlaer.= _See_ Schenectady. =Index=: =F= Indian name for governors of New York, 253.

=Corn Laws.= =Sy= Their repeal advocated by Poulett Thomson, 37, 40, 52.

=B= Their effect on Canadian industries, 15, 31, 32.

=Cornwall Ca.n.a.l.= =BL= Construction of, provided for by government in 1841, 98. =Bib.=: Keefer, _Ca.n.a.ls of Canada_ (R. S. C., 1893); Mme. L.

N. Rheaume, _Origin of Cornwall and Williamsburg Ca.n.a.l_ (Women's Can.

Hist. Soc. of Ottawa, _Trans._).

=Cornwallis, Charles, first Marquis= (1738-1805). Served in American Revolutionary War; won victory at Camden over Gates, 1780, and in 1781 defeated Greene at Guildford. In 1781 hemmed in at Yorktown between the American army and the French fleet, and forced to surrender.

Governor-general and commander-in-chief of Bengal, 1786-1793.

Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1798; British plenipotentiary to negotiate peace of Amiens, 1801. Five years later again returned to India as governor-general, and died at Ghazeepore. =Index=: =Bk= British plenipotentiary in negotiating peace of Amiens, 30. =Dr= Surrender at Yorktown, 191. =Hd= His capitulation, 211-212, 297. =Bib.=: Cornwallis, _Despatches_; Kaye, _Lives of Indian Officers_; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Johnston, _Yorktown Campaign_; _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Cornwallis, Edward.= Born, 1812. Member of the British House of Commons for Eyre, 1749. Appointed governor of Nova Scotia, 1749. Sailed from England with 2576 emigrants and on July 2, 1749, reached the harbour of Chebucto, the site of the present city of Halifax. His administration marked by energetic measures against the discontented Acadians. Returned to England, 1752. Elected to the House of Commons for Westminster, 1753; major-general, 1759; subsequently governor of Gibraltar. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; Murdoch, _History of Nova Scotia_; _Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.

=Corpo, Father.= =L= Dies a martyr, 62.

=Correspondent and Advocate.= Newspaper. =Index=: =Mc= Newspaper, published by Dr. O'Grady, 259.

=Corrupt Practices.= =BL= Bill in reference to, introduced, 99; excites great public attention, 99; pa.s.sed by a.s.sembly, but rejected by Legislative Council, 100.

=Corvee.= =Hd= Ancient French custom, 122; used in transporting provisions to upper posts, 140; complaint against Haldimand's use of, 182, 291; MacLean asks for decrease of, 306.

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