Part 11 (2/2)
=Cameron, Duncan.= Son of a United Empire Loyalist; born at Schenectady, on the Mohawk. His father brought the family to Canada, and settled in Glengarry. The son entered the service of the North West Company, in 1786, and was for many years in charge of the Nipigon district. In 1814 sent to Red River, to oppose Selkirk's plans. In 1816, before the Seven Oaks affair, seized by Colin Robertson, of the Hudson's Bay Company, carried to York Factory, and sent to England, where he was promptly released. Returned to Canada, settled at Williamstown, and represented Glengarry from 1820 to 1824 in the a.s.sembly of Upper Canada. =Index=: =MS= Sent by North West Company to Red River to break up Red River Colony, 173; wins ten colonists from their allegiance to Selkirk, 173; takes them to Upper Canada, 174; captured by Semple and sent to York Factory, and finally to England, 178. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Manitoba_ and _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_; Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_. Cameron's _Sketch of the Customs, etc., of the Natives in the Nipigon Country_, and _Nipigon Journal, 1804-1805_, are in Ma.s.son, vol. 2.
=Cameron, James. Mc= Attempts to kidnap Mackenzie, 464.
=Cameron, John Hillyard= (1817-1876). Solicitor-general, Upper Canada, 1846-1848; represented Cornwall in Legislative a.s.sembly, 1846-1847 and 1848-1851; Toronto, 1854; Peel, 1861-1866. Represented Peel in first Dominion Parliament, 1867-1872; Cornwall, 1872-1874; and 1874-1876.
=Index=: =E= Elected 1848, 50. =B= Opposes Confederation scheme, his motion for an appeal to the people defeated, 185. =BL= Defeated in elections of 1848, 279. =Bib.:= Dent, _Last Forty Years_.
=Cameron, Malcolm= (1808-1876). Elected to a.s.sembly of Upper Canada for Lanark, 1836. A persistent opponent of the Family Compact. Appointed inspector of revenue, under Bagot. Held various offices in the La Fontaine-Baldwin and Hincks administrations. In 1863 resigned his seat, to accept appointment as Queen's Printer. Represented South Lanark in Dominion House, 1874-1876. =Index: B= Opposes George Brown in Kent and Lambton, 1851, 40, 41; a Clear Grit, who had joined Hincks-Morin government, 40-41; defeated by Brown, 77. =BL= Opens discussion on responsible government, 1841, 90; a.s.sistant commissioner of public works, 1848, 284; a bitter opponent of Sir F.B. Head--held minor office under Bagot, radical in his sympathies, 284; his resignation, 337; a leader of the Radicals, 341. =E= Elected 1847, 50; becomes a.s.sistant commissioner of public works, in La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 53; a leading member of Clear Grits, 110; joins Hincks-Morin government, 112; president of the Executive Council, 113; becomes minister of new department of agriculture, 117; postmaster-general, 1853, 126; defeated in Lambton, 134; advocates complete secularization of Clergy Reserves, 163. =R= Opposes separate schools, 224. =Bib.=: Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Morgan, _Cel. Can._
=Cameron, Sir Matthew Crooks= (1822-1887). Born in Dundas, Ontario.
Educated at the Home District Grammar School, Toronto, and at Upper Canada College; studied law and called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1849.
Sat in the a.s.sembly for North Ontario, 1861-1863 and 1864-1867. Defeated in North Ontario for election to the House of Commons, 1867. Elected to the Ontario a.s.sembly for East Toronto; provincial secretary, 1867-1871; commissioner of crown lands, 1871-1872; leader of the opposition in the a.s.sembly, 1872-1876. Appointed judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, 1878; chief-justice of the Common Pleas Division of the High Court of Justice, 1884. =Index: B= Seconds motion to submit Confederation scheme to the people, 185. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Rattray, _The Scot in British North America_; Read, _Lives of the Judges_.
=Cameronians.= =Bk= 26th Regiment, stationed at Fort Niagara, 57.
=Camosun. D= Indian village on site of Victoria, B.C., 175; meaning of name, 175.
=Campbell, Captain. Dr= Accused in connection with Walker affair, 36; tried and acquitted, 38.
=Campbell, General. Dr= Commissioner for exchange of prisoners, 207.
=Campbell, Sir Alexander= (1821-1892). Studied law under John A.
Macdonald, with whom he later formed a partners.h.i.+p; and called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1843. Elected to the Legislative Council, 1858; and Speaker, 1863. Commissioner of crown lands, 1864-1866; postmaster-general in first Dominion ministry, 1867-1873; minister of the interior, 1873; receiver-general, 1878-1879; postmaster-general, 1879-1880; 1880-1881; 1885-1887; minister of militia and defence, 1880; minister of justice, 1881-1885. In 1887 appointed lieutenant-governor of Ontario, an office which he retained up to the time of his death.
=Index=: =Md= Enters J. A. Macdonald's law office as a student, 6; forms partners.h.i.+p with Macdonald, 10; his letter to Macdonald on the political situation, 31; postmaster-general in first Dominion Cabinet, 134; consults Imperial government as to proposed withdrawal of troops from Canada, Fenian Raids, etc., 168; his attempt to merge the two Canadian Pacific Railway syndicates, 200. =T= Delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 74; to Quebec Conference, 76; postmaster-general in first Dominion Cabinet, 129. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Read, _Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada_.
=Campbell, Sir Archibald= (1769-1843). Born in Scotland. Entered the army, 1787. Served throughout the Peninsular War, 1808-1814; in 1821 commanded a regiment in India; conducted the Burmese War; and 1826-1829, governor of British Burmah. From 1831 to 1837 lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. =Index=: =W= Lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, correspondence with G.o.derich on crown lands, 23; with Stanley on same subject, 25; addressed by a.s.sembly on question of revenues, 27; refuses to lay before a.s.sembly his correspondence with colonial secretary, 28; dissolves the a.s.sembly, 29, 31-32; opposed to popular reform, 35; refuses to a.s.sent to Civil List Bill, 44-45, 46; resigns, 47. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.
=Campbell, Sir Colin= (1776-1847). Served in India, 1801-1804, and afterwards in Denmark and the Peninsula; attached to Wellington's staff at the battle of Waterloo; promoted major-general, 1825; lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 1834-1840; governor of Ceylon, 1840-1847. =Index=: =H= Lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 45, 58; antagonizes popular party, 62; his removal asked for at the instance of Joseph Howe, 65-67; defended by James W. Johnstone, 67; succeeded by Lord Falkland, 69. =Bib.=: Howe, _Letters and Speeches_; _Dict. Nat.
Biog._; Chisholm, _Speeches and Public Letters of Joseph Howe_; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; Saunders, _Three Premiers of Nova Scotia_. _See also_ Joseph Howe.
=Campbell, Robert= (1808-1894). Entered service of Hudson's Bay Company, 1832, and sent to the Mackenzie River district, 1834. For the next eighteen years, engaged in exploring the upper waters of the Liard and Yukon Rivers, and establis.h.i.+ng the fur trade in this region. In 1852 made a remarkable journey on snow-shoes, from Fort Simpson to Crow-wing, Minnesota, about three thousand miles. Made a chief factor, 1867, and retired from the service of the Company, 1871. =Index=: =D= Builds Fort Dease, 1838, 123-124; ordered to Mackenzie River department, 1834, 124; crosses to Pacific by Stikine, 124; Fort Dease burned, 124; ascends Liard River to Lake Francis, crosses to Lake Finlayson, and reaches Pelly River, 124; builds post on Lake Francis, and at Pelly Banks, 124; descends Pelly to junction with Lewes, 124; builds Fort Selkirk at mouth of Lewes, 124; descends Yukon to mouth of Porcupine, and returns to Fort Simpson by Porcupine and Mackenzie, 125. =MS= Ascends Liard River and discovers the Upper Yukon, 111; a Perths.h.i.+re Highlander, 228; discoverer of Upper Yukon, 228. =Bib.=: _Discovery and Exploration of the Youcon River._ For biog., _see_ Bryce, _Sketch of the Life and Discoveries of Robert Campbell_ and _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.
=Campbell, Stewart.= =H= Chosen leader of Anti-Confederation party in Nova Scotia, 187; chairman of Halifax meeting on behalf of Joseph Howe, 194; elected to House of Commons for Guysborough, 1867; supports Confederation, 203. =Bib.=: Saunders, _Three Premiers of Nova Scotia_.
=Campbell, Major William.= =Dr= His correspondence with General Wayne, 286. =S= Placed in command of fort at rapids of Miami, 136; refuses to evacuate fort at summons of General Wayne, 139; his conduct highly approved by Simcoe, 140.
=Campbell, Sir William= (1758-1834). Born in Scotland. Enlisted as a private in a Highland regiment; came to America during the Revolutionary War; took part in the battle of Yorktown, 1781; after his release determined to remain in America. Studied law and called to the bar of Nova Scotia; practised his profession for nineteen years; elected to the a.s.sembly of Cape Breton; attorney-general. Appointed to a puisne judges.h.i.+p in Upper Canada, 1811; chief-justice, 1825; retired, 1829; knighted, 1829. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Read, _Lives of the Judges_.
=Camperdown.= =Bk= Naval victory of, 12.
=Canada.= Discovered by John Cabot in 1497. First settlement made by Jacques Cartier, in 1535, on the banks of the St. Charles. In 1608 Champlain founded the city of Quebec, almost on the spot where Jacques Cartier had wintered; the country ceded to Great Britain by France, by the treaty of Paris, 1763; civil government provided by Quebec Act, 1774; and a measure of responsible government by the Const.i.tutional Act, 1791; invasion by Americans, 1775-1776; War of 1812; Rebellions of 1837-1838, in Upper and Lower Canada; union of Upper and Lower Canada, 1841; Confederation of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, 1867; Manitoba added to the Dominion, 1870; British Columbia, 1871; Prince Edward Island, 1873; provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta created, 1905. =Index=: =Dr= Surrender of, 2; under military rule till conclusion of peace, 2; acquisition of, by Britain, hastened American Revolution, 3; ceded by treaty of Paris to Great Britain, 7; its wide extent at that time, 8; French population of, at cession, 9; English-speaking population, 9; pet.i.tion for restoration of its ancient limits, 61; division of, into two provinces proposed, 248; political possibilities after conquest, 253-257; boundaries of, not defined by Const.i.tutional Act, 260. =B= Party government--origin of the double ministries, 81-82; election frauds in 1857, 99-100; process of expansion--Confederation and after, 264. =E= First railway in, 99; early political conditions in, 17-40; difficulties connected with responsible government in, 26; principles of responsible government, 228; her political system contrasted with that of United States, 241 _et seq._ =WM= Interests French commanders and their men but little, 11; its vulnerable points, 17; its strong social and political organization gave it an advantage in war, 24; but was unfavourable to internal development, 24. =Sy= Rapid progress made in Anglicizing previous to pa.s.sing of Quebec Act, 63; unfortunate change of policy regarding, 64. =F= Population of, 36, 55, 58, 131, 147, 148; poverty of impresses Sister Bourgeoys, 39; morals of the people, 58, 59; overgoverned, 131; trade, 148; affected by all the vicissitudes of mother country, 150, 151; ”farmers” of revenue appointed for, 154; Bishop St. Vallier's first description of country and inhabitants, 192; Governor Denonville's description, 192; St. Vallier's revised opinion, 193; real character of the people, 193-195; state of depression throughout the country, 219, 240; drinking habits of people, 223; described by Laval as the country of miracles, 301; exhaustion of, after departure of New England fleet, 305, 317. _See also_ New France; Cartier, Jacques; Cabot, John; Champlain; Quebec Act; Const.i.tutional Act; Union Act; Upper Canada; Lower Canada; Confederation.
=Canada Act.= _See_ Const.i.tutional Act.
=Canada Company.= Founded in London, 1824, by John Gait, as a colonizing scheme. A large tract of land was purchased in what is now western Ontario. Dunlop, Talbot, Strickland, and other pioneers of Upper Canada were a.s.sociated with Gait in the enterprise. The company is still in existence. =Index=: =E= An agency in settlement of Upper Canada, 145; its unpopularity, 145. =R= Offers to buy Clergy Reserves, 50. =B= Recommends whiskey to intending immigrants, 75. _See also_ Galt, John; Dunlop, William; Talbot, Thomas. =Bib.=: Lizars, _In the Days of the Canada Company_; Strickland, _Twenty-seven Years in Canada West_; Galt, _Autobiography_; Jameson, _Winter Sketches_; Talbot, _Six Years in the Canadas_; McTaggart, _Three Years in Upper Canada_; Dunlop, _The Backwoodsman_.
=Canada Corn Act=, 1843. =C= Builds up flour industry in Canada, 43.
=Canada First a.s.sociation.= =B= Platform, 235; criticized by the _Globe_, 236; suspected of aiming at national independence, 237; Goldwin Smith, leader of party, attacked by _Globe_, 237; his reply, 238; spirit of the movement, 239; its effect, 240-241; Liberal party injured by hostility to movement, 240-242. =Md= Formed in Toronto, 1870, 226; its policy, 226. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_; _Canada First: A Memorial of the Late William A. Foster_; Denison, _The Struggle for Imperial Unity_.
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