Part 11 (1/2)

=Cables.= The first submarine cables in America were those laid between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, 1851; and between Cape Breton and Newfoundland, 1856. Newfoundland was connected with Ireland by cable in 1858. In 1902 the Pacific Cable was laid, between Canada and New Zealand and Australia. _See also_ Gisborne; Fleming. =Bib.=: Bright, _Submarine Telegraphs_; Johnson, _The All Red Line_.

=Cabot, John.= Probably a native of Genoa. Became a citizen of Venice, March 28, 1476, and at that time had been a resident of the city for fifteen years. Went to England, and in 1497, under the direct authority of Henry VII, sailed to the westward on a voyage of discovery. Landed on the sh.o.r.es of America, but his exact landfall has been a moot point. It is now generally believed that it was the easternmost cape of Cape Breton. The following year sailed again, but there is no record that he ever returned from this second voyage. =Bib.=: Beazley, _John and Sebastian Cabot_; Dawson, _The Voyages of the Cabots_ (R. S. C., 1894, 1896, 1897); Deane, _Voyages of the Cabots_, in Winsor, _Nar. & Cr.

Hist. of America_, vol. 3; Harrisse, _John Cabot, the Discoverer of North America_; Weare, _Cabot's Discovery of North America_; Ober. _John and Sebastian Cabot_. =Cabot, Sebastian= (1477?-1557?). Son of John Cabot. His share in the discovery of North America has been the subject of much controversy. From having once been regarded as the sole discoverer, it is now considered doubtful that he had anything to do with the voyages of 1497 and 1498. He was in the service of Spain, and also of England, receiving from Edward VI the t.i.tle of Grand Pilot of England. =Bib.=: Biddle, _Memoir of Sebastian Cabot_; Nicholls, _Life of Sebastian Cabot_; Tarducci, _John and Sebastian Cabot_. These are favourable to Sebastian's claims. _See_ references under preceding entry for the other side of the controversy.

=Cadboro.= =D= First sea-going vessel on Fraser River, 116; arrives at Victoria from Fort Vancouver, 180; leaves for the Columbia, 180; built 1824, destroyed 1862, 180.

=Cadet, Joseph Michel.= Began life as a butcher; won the confidence of the intendant Bigot, and as commissary-general seconded him in his infamous schemes for plundering the colony. =Index=: =WM= Commissary of stores, 88; makes his headquarters at Beauport, 88; feeds his poultry with grain, while the people starve, 88. _See_ Bigot.

=Cadieux.= A French _coureur de bois_, whose tragic death forms the subject of one of the popular _chansons_ of Quebec. His reputed grave is at the foot of Grand Calumet Island, on the Ottawa. =Bib.=: Le Moine, _Legends of the St. Lawrence_; Bourinot, _The Ottawa Valley_ in the _Canadian Monthly_, January, 1875; Gagnon, _Chansons Populaires_.

=Cadillac, Antoine de la Motte.= Came to Canada as an officer of the Carignan Regiment. In 1694 appointed to the command of the post at Michilimackinac. In 1701 built a fort at Detroit, and remained in command there until 1710. From 1712-1717 governor of Louisiana.

Subsequently appointed governor of Castel Sara.s.sin, in Gascony, his native province. Died there Oct. 16, 1730. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_; _Cadillac Papers_ (Michigan Pion. & Hist. _Coll._, vol. 33).

=Cadot, Jean-Baptiste.= Pioneer fur trader in the West. When the French abandoned their fort at Sault Ste. Marie, Cadot remained behind with his native wife and family. Alexander Henry found him there in 1762; in charge of the fort when Carver visited the place five years later. Is said to have been still alive in 1812. =Bib.=: Henry, _Travels and Adventures in Canada_; Carver, _Travels through the Interior Parts of North America_; Morice, _Dict._

=Caen, Emery de.= =Ch= Nephew of Guillaume, 137; left in command of colony, 141; prohibits psalm-singing by Huguenots on his s.h.i.+ps, 156; his character, 182; actively defends colony, 183; captured by Thomas Kirke; returns to France, 185; his s.h.i.+p the _Helene_ restored to him, 221. =F= Takes over Quebec from the English, 23. =Bib.=: Douglas, _Quebec in Seventeenth Century_; Biggar, _Early Trading Companies of New France_; Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.

=Caen, Ezechiel de.= =Ch= Brother of Guillaume, 137.

=Caen, Guillaume de.= =Ch= Head of Company formed by Montmorency, 131, 132; difficulties with the old Company, 133 _et seq._; returns to France, 136; comes out to Canada, and returns to France, 138; arrives with supplies, June, 1624, 140; sails for France, 141; brings out Jesuit fathers, 152; appoints Raymond de la Ralde as admiral of Company's fleet, 155; disposed to overlook murder of a Frenchman by an Indian, 161; his character as given by Theodat-Sagard, 182; Cardinal Richelieu suspicious of, 183; his merchandise seized by Kirke, 183; disagreement with Kirke as to goods seized at Quebec, 217-222. =F= Head of trading Company, 23. =Bib.=: Douglas, _Quebec in Seventeenth Century_; Biggar, _Early Trading Companies of New France_; Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.

=Caesar, Sir Julius= (1558-1636). Sat in Parliament, 1589-1622; chancellor of the exchequer, 1606; master of the Rolls, 1614-1636.

=Index=: =Ch= English commissioner in matter of Canada, 214. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Cahaigue.= =Ch= Largest of the Huron villages, 89.

=Caire, M. de.= =WM= Engineer, constructs defences on river St. Charles, 86.

=Caldwell, Henry.= =Dr= His house occupied by Arnold, 111; commands British militia in siege of Quebec, 115; his house burnt by Arnold, 121.

=Bib.=: Lemoine, _The Hon. Henry Caldwell, L.C., at Quebec_.

=Caldwell, Sir John.= Eldest son of Sir James Caldwell, the third baronet. Succeeded his father, 1784. Appointed receiver-general of Lower Canada, and found to have misappropriated the public funds. Made restoration afterwards of the greater part of the amount.

Died in England, 1830. =Index=: =P= Receiver-general, Lower Canada,--misappropriates public funds, 56; government fails to prosecute him, 57. =Bib.=: Christie, _History of Lower Canada_; Morgan, _Cel.

Can._

=Caledonia.= =Bk= Brig belonging to North West Company, 210; captured by Americans at Fort Erie, 289.

=Callic.u.m.= Indian chief. =D= His relations with Meares at Nootka, 27.

=Callieres, Louis-Hector de= (1646?-1703). Born at Cherbourg, son of Jacques de Callieres, governor of Cherbourg. Entered the army, and became captain of the regiment of Navarre. In 1684 came to Canada as governor of Montreal; and in 1699 appointed governor-general of the colony. Died at Quebec. =Index=: =F= Memorandum by, on French claims in Hudson Bay, 204; commands regular troops in attack on Iroquois, 209; sent to France to represent situation of colony, 230; leads eight hundred men from Montreal to defence of Quebec, 292; commands vanguard in attack on Onondagas, 351; commended in despatches, 353; succeeds Frontenac as governor, 362. =L= Placed in charge of Fort Frontenac (Cataraqui), 214; proceeds to France, 218; succeeds Frontenac as governor, 235; death of, 235. =Bib.=: Sulte, _La Famille de Callieres_ (R. S. C., 1890); Parkman, _Half Century of Conflict_.

=Calvinistic Agents.= =Ch= Fanaticism of, 86.

=Camaret, Marie (Mme. Hersault).= =Ch= Cousin of Champlain, contests his will, 265.

=Cameron, David.= Brought up as a draper; drifted to the West Indies, where he had charge of an estate; and thence to New Caledonia. In 1852 superintendent of the coal mines at Nanaimo. Nominated by Douglas as chief justice of Vancouver Island, 1853, and the appointment confirmed by the colonial office the same year. Succeeded by Needham in 1858.

Retired from the bench, 1864. Died at Belmont, Vancouver Island, 1872.

=Index=: =D= First chief justice of Vancouver Island, 200; charges preferred against, 200. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of British Columbia_.