Part 6 (1/2)

The _Dye Vat_ should contain about 10 gallons of water heated to hand hot, 120 and not above 140F Add 3 ozs of hydrosulphite solution stirring carefully, let it stand for 20 en Add a small cupful of the Stock Solution, stir carefully without splashi+ng The vats should be greenish yellow and _should not feel slimy_, an indication of too much caustic The vat is now ready to dye and is kept at 120 to 140F

Between dips add Stock Solution as required, if the vat goes blue and turbid add 3 to 4 fluid ozs of hydrosulphite and warm up to 140F

and wait 30 radually This should not be required if the Stock Solution is properly prepared

Start to dye eak vats, 20 to 40 iven to obtain a fixed shade, the faster will be the yarn to washi+ng and rubbing The yarn th of tih a 10 gallon bath of water to which is added 3 ozs of sulphuric acid, pure or hydrochloric This neutralizes the caustic used Wash yarn at least twice in water

_Io Vat Dyes_

If, after washi+ng until clear, the yarn should rub off badly, there is but one remedy Wash same in Fuller's earth, and if the shade is then too pale, re-dye If, through bad eh a hot bath (100 water, 1 acetic acid) and wash in taters If yarn is streaky, take 10 gallons of water at 120F, 1 oz of hydrosulphite powder, 2 fluid ozs liquid ammonia fort 880, and let yarn lie in sa facts should be carefully noted:--

The Caustic Soda is the _alkali_ which dissolves the Indigo White

The Hydrosulphite _reduces_ the Indigotine in the Indigo to _Indigo White_

Indigo White is fixed on the yarn as Indigo White and on exposure to the air becomes blue

The yarn, on rereenish blue The latter is for blue yarn and should not turn blue too quickly (allow 60 seconds at least)

Rest the vats for 1 hour after 3 hours work Never hurry the vats It is a good thing to have hydrosulphite slightly in excess as this prevents preo white already deposited on the yarn

Caustic Soda reatest caution or the yarn will be tendered and ruined

Finally, unless the yarn is completely scoured it is impossible to obtain a clear colour, or a blue which will not rub off

The figures given are for Indigo bearing 100 Indigotine, therefore in using vegetable Indigo do not add _all_ the Caustic or Hydrosulphite, but depend on the glass test rather than on measurements

_WOAD_

Woad is derived fro in the North of France and in England It was the only blue dye in the West before Indigo was introduced from India Since then woad has been little used except as a ferreenish colour which changes to a deep blue in the air It is said to be inferior in colour to indigo but the colour is much more permanent The leaves when cut are reduced to a paste, kept in heaps for about fifteen days to ferment, and then are formed into balls which are dried in the sun; these have a rather agreeable smell and are of a violet colour These balls are subjected to a further fer used by the dyer When woad is now used it is always in coo, to iood and very permanent blue

It is not no the ancients prepared the blue dye, but it has been stated (Dr Plowright) that woad leaves when covered with boiling water, weighted down for half-an-hour, the water then poured off treated with caustic potash and subsequently with hydrochloric acid, yield a good indigo blue If the tireens and browns are obtained It is supposed that as ”vitrum” the dye hich Caesar said alrow near Tewkesbury, also Banbury It was cultivated till quite lately in Lincolnshi+re There were four farms in 1896; one at Parson Drove, near Wisbech, two faro has quite superseded it in commerce

LOGWOOD

(_Bois de Cawood is a dye wood fro blues and purples on wool, black on cotton and wool, and black and violet on silk It is called by old dyers one of the Lesser Dyes, because the colour was said to lose all its brightness when exposed to the air

But with properthis dye can produce fast and good colours Queen Elizabeth's governwood The person so offending was liable to iwood is inand boiled for 20

RECIPES for DYEING with LOGWOOD

(1) BLACK

Mordant the wool for 1 to 1-1/2 hours with 3 per cent Chrome and 1 per cent Sulphuric Acid Wash and dye in separate bath for 1 to 1-1/2 hours with 50 per cent Logwood This gives a blue black