Part 1 (2/2)

Te the water (20 to 30water, which is still used by some silk and wool scourers, is to boil the water with a little soap, ski off the surface as it boils In many cases it is sufficient to add a little acetic acid to the water

TO WASH WOOL

In a bath containing 10 gallons of ater add 4 fluid ounces of ammonia fort, 880, 1 lb soda, and 2 oz soft soap, (potash soap)

Stir well until all is dissolved Dip the wool in and leave for 2 ently and wash in ater until quite clear

_Or_ to 10 gallons of water add 6 oz ammonia and 3 oz soft soap The water should never be above 140F and all the washi+ng water should be of about the same tereat care should be taken not to felt the wool--the less squeezing the better

There are four principalwool

1st--The wool is boiled first with the mordant and then in a fresh bath with the dye

2nd--The wool is boiled first with the dye, and when it has absorbed as much of the colour as possible thethe colour

A separate bath can be used for each of these processes, in which case each bath can be replenished and used again for a fresh lot of wool

3rd--The wool is boiled with the ether The colour, as a rule, is not so fast and good as with a separate bath, though with sohter colour is obtained

4th--The wool is ain This method is adopted to ensure an extrely

SILK

There are two kinds of silk (1) _raw silk_ (reeled silk, thrown silk, drawn silk), and (2) _waste silk_ or spun silk

Raw silk is that directly taken from the cocoons Waste silk is the silk froed in some way so that they cannot be reeled off direct It is, therefore, carded and spun, like wool or cotton

Silk in the raw state is covered with a silk guun It is tied up in canvas bags and boiled up in a strong solution of soap for three or four hours until all the guht first in a solution of soft soap at a te point for about an hour, then put into bags and boiled After boiling, the soap is ashed out

Generally speaking, the affinity of silk for dyes is sieneralis the same as for wool, except, inIn so in a cold concentrated solution of theof some colours is also at low te the seeds in pods of certain shrubs and trees growing in tropical and semi-tropical countries First introduced into Europe by the Saracens, it was manufactured into cloth in Spain in the early 13th century Cotton cloth was first land in the early 17th century

The colour of cotton varies fro stapled being the most valued It is difficult to dye and requires a special preparation

A few of the natural dye stuffs are capable of dyeing cotton direct, without a mordant, such as Turmeric, Barberry bark, safflower, annatto For other dyes cotton has a special attraction, such as catechu

LINEN

Linen is flax, derived froenus Linuiuathered are subjected to a process called ”retting” which separates the fibre fro part of the plant In Ireland and Russia this is usually done in stagnant water, producing a dark coloured flax In Belgiu water, and the resulting flax is a lighter colour Linen is more difficult to dye than cotton, probably on account of the hard nature of the fibre The sa linen as for cotton