Part 2 (2/2)

Garnyshyng and his kyndes.

Garnishyng as the word it selfe declareth, is wh? the oraci is gaylye set oute and floryshed w^t diuerse goodly figures, causyng much pleasauntnes and delectaci to the hearer: and hath two kyndes, composicion, and exornacion.

[Sidenote: Sinthesis.] Composicion is an apte settinge together of wordes, whych causeth all the partes of an oracion to bee trymmed al alyke. And in it muste be considered that we so order our wordes, that the sentence decrease not by puttynge a weaker word after a stronger, but that it styl go vpwarde and increase.

There is also a naturall order, as to saye: men & women, daye and nyght, easte, and weste, rather then backewardes. In thys muste be auoyded also to often comyng together of vowels, which make the oracion wyde and gapyng. To muche repetyng of all one letter in the beginning of wordes, to much repeting of one word, and that they ende not to much all alyke, that the sentence be not held on to longe, which werieth the hearer, and the speaker: nor that manye consontes run not to harshely together, wyth many other, which Cicero speaketh of in hys thyrde booke of hys oratour, and Quintilian in hys nynth, wherof here to put examples were to longe.

Exornacion is a fyne polys.h.i.+nge of wordes and sentences by disseueryng th? w^t diuerse goodly colours and tropes or chaugings of speach.

Tropes.

Emonge authors manye tymes vnder the name of figures, Tropes also be comprehended: Neuerthelesse ther is a notable difference betwixt th?. In figure is no alteracion in the wordes fr their proper significacions, but only is the oracion & s?tence made by th? more plesaut, sharpe & vehem?t, after y^e affecci of him that speketh or writeth: to y^e which vse although tropes also do serue, yet properlye be they so called, because in them for necessitye or garnyshynge, there is a mouynge and chaungynge of a worde and sentence, from theyr owne significaci into another, whych may agre wyth it by a similitude.

The former partes ben these.

[Sidenote: Metaphora.] _Translatio_, translacion, that is a worde translated from the thynge that it properlye signifieth, vnto another whych may agre with it by a similitude. And amonge all vertues of speche, this is the chyefe. -- None perswadeth more effecteouslye, none sheweth the thyng before oure eyes more euidently, none moueth more mightily the affeccions, none maketh the oraci more goodlye, pleasaunt, nor copious.

Translacions be diuerse.

[Sidenote: i.] Some fr the body to the mynd, as: I haue but lately tasted the Hebrue tonge, for newely begunne it. Also I smell where aboute you go, for I perceyue.

[Sidenote: ii.] From the reasonable to the vnresonable, as Vyrgyll in hys Georgexe applyed the counselles and fas.h.i.+on of warres belongynge to men; to bees.

[Sidenote: iii.] From the vnreasonable to the resonable. What whinest thou, what chatterest thou?

That one taken of a wolfe, that other of a pye.

[Sidenote: iiii.] From the liuinge to the not liuyng.

The mouthe of the well, the fatnes of the earth. The lande wyl spewe them oute.

[Sidenote: v.] From the not lyuynge to the liuyng.

Cicero florisheth in eloqu?ce.

[Sidenote: vi.] From the liuyng, to the liuynge.

The iews winched against Moses.

[Sidenote: vii.] From the not liuinge to the not liuynge. The wordes flewe oute of hys mouth. He is good for a greue wounde.

[Sidenote: Catachresis.] _Abusio_, when for a certeyne and proper worde, we abuse a lyke, or that is nie vnto it, as when we say: longe counsel, lytle talke, smal matter. Here maye we soone perceyue that by abusion wee take wordes that be somwhat nye, whych property do belong to vnlyke thinges.

[Sidenote: Metalepsis.] _Transsumptio_, Transsupcion, is when by degrees we go to y^t that is shewed as: he hyd hym selfe in the blacke dennes. By blacke is vnderstand ful of darkenes & consequently stepe downe and verye depe.

[Sidenote: Metonomia.] _Metonomya_, Transnominacion, when a worde that hathe a proper significacion of hys owne, beynge referred to another thing, hath another: & this is done diuerse waies.

[Sidenote: i.] When the chiefe master or doar of a thyng is put for y^e thing it self, as: Put vpon you the Lorde Iesus Christ. Also: you play Iudas w^t me.

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