Part 2 (1/2)

[Sidenote: Tautologia.] _Inutilis repeticio eiusdem_, is a vayne repeting agayn of one word or moe in all one sentence, whyche faute by takyng lytle heede, Cicero also fell into, as in the oracion for Aulus Cluencius. Therefore that iudgem?t was not lyke a iudgem?t O Iudges.

[Sidenote: Homiologia.] _Sermo ubique sui similis_, a greater faute then the other, is when the whole matter is all alyke, and hath no varietie to auoyde tediousnes, as: He came thither to y^e bath, yet he saide afterwardes. Here one seruaunt bet me.

Afterwardes he sayde vnto hym: I wyll consider.

Afterwardes he chyd wyth hym, & cryed more and more when manye were presente. Suche a folyshe tellyng of a tale shall you heare in many simple & halfe folyshe persons.

[Sidenote: Amphibologia.] _Ambiguitas_, when thorow faute of ioynyng the wordes, it is doutefull to whych the verbe belongeth, as: Hys father loueth hym better then hys mother.

[Sidenote: Periergia.] _Sedulitas superflua_, when ther is in speakyng to much diligence and curiositye, and the sentence ouerladen with superfluous wordes, whiche faute is the same, or verye lyke to that, [Sidenote: Macrologia] that is called _Macrologia_, whych is when the sentence vpon desyre to seme fyne and eloquent, is longer then it shulde be.

Inordinate and his partes.

Inordinate is, when eyther order or dignitie lacketh in the wordes: and the kyndes ben these:

[Sidenote: Tapinosis.] _Humiliatio_, when the dygnitye of the thyng is diminyshed by basenes of the worde: as if we shuld say to a greate prynce or a kynge: If it please your mastershyp.

[Sidenote: Aschrologia.] _Turpis loquutio_, when the words be spoken, or ioyned together, that they may be wronge into a fylthye sence. Of thys it nedeth not to put any example, when lewde wanton persons wyl soone fynde inowe.

[Sidenote: Cacozelia.] _Mala affectatio_, euyll affectaci or leude folowyng, when the wytte lacketh iudgement, and fondlye folowyng a good maner of speaking, runne into a faute, as when affectyng copy, we fall into a vaine bablynge, or laboryng to be brief, wax bare & drye. Also if we shuld saye: a phrase of building, or an audi?ce of shepe, as a cert? homely felow dyd.

[Sidenote: Aschematist] _Male figuratum_, when the oracion is all playne and symple, & lacketh his figures, wherby as it wer wyth starres it might shyne: which faute is counted of wryters, not amonge the leaste.

[Sidenote: Cacosintheton.] _Male collocatum_, when wordes be naughtelye ioyned together, or set in a place wher thei shuld not be.

[Sidenote: Soraismus.] _c.u.mulatio_, a mynglyng and heapyng together of wordes of diuerse languages into one speche: as of Frenche, welche, spanyshe, into englyshe: and an vsynge of wordes be they pure or barbarous. And although great authors somtyme in long workes vse some of these fautes, yet must not their examples be folowed, nor brought into a cmon vsage of speakyng.

Barbarie and hys partes.

Barbarie is a faute, whych turneth the speche fr his purenes, and maketh it foule and rude, and the partes be these.

[Sidenote: Barbarismus.] Barbarismus is, when a worde is either naughtely wrytten or p.r.o.nouced ctrary to the ryght law & maner of speakynge. And it is done by addicion, detracci, chaunging, transposynge, eyther of a letter, a syllable, tyme, accent or aspiraci.

Hereof we haue shewed exampels partly wher they be called figures, and partly, doute ye not, but both the speakynge and wrytyng of barbarouse men wyll gyue you inow. Hytherto be referred the fautes of euil p.r.o.nouncing certein letters, & of to much gapyng, or contrarye of speakyng in the mouth.

[Sidenote: Solecismus.] _Inconueniens structura_, is an vnmete and vnconuenient ioynynge together the partes of spech in construccion, whych is marked by all thynges that belong to the partes of speche: as when one parte is put for another, when gender for gender, case for case, tyme for tyme, mode for mode, number for number, aduerbe for aduerbe, preposicion for preposici, whych because it is vsed of famous auth.o.r.es, instede of fautes, be called figures.

Vertue.

Vertue, or as we saye, a grace & dygnitye in speakynge, the thyrde kynde of Scheme, is when the sentence is bewtyfied and lyfte vp aboue the comen maner of speaking of the people. Of it be two kyndes: Proprietie and garnyshyng.

Proprietie and his partes.

Proprietie is when in wryting and p.r.o.nunciacion ther be no fautes committed, but thynges done as they shulde be. The partes bee proposicion, and accenting.

[Sidenote: a.n.a.logia.] _Proportio_, proporcion is, whereby the maner of true wrytynge is conserued. By thys the barbarous tonge is seperated from the verye true and naturall speche, as be the fyne metals from the grosser. To speke is no faute, but an obseruacion or markyng, not leanyng vp cause, but vpon example.

For in eloquence, the iudgement of excell?t men standeth for reason, as saythe Quintilian in hys fyrst boke.

[Sidenote: Tasis.] _Extensio_, is that wherby a swete and pleasaunt modulacion or tunablenes of wordes is kepte, because some are spoken wyth a sharpe tenure or accent, some wyth a flatte, some strayned out. This grace specially perteineth to a turnyng of y^e voyce in pleasaunte p.r.o.nunciation.