Part 13 (1/2)

[Footnote 246: See refs. in Fustel de Coulanges, _La cite antique_, 1.

iii, ch. xviii, p. 265.]

[Footnote 247: Aristotle, _Politics_, ii, 6.]

[Footnote 248: Cp. the _Republic_, v, and the _Laws_ (bks. v, xi; Jowett's tr. 3rd ed. v, pp. 122, 313) with the _Politics_, vii, 16.]

[Footnote 249: _Fr. Vat._ x.x.xvii, 9.]

[Footnote 250: Cp. Hume, essay cited, as to the slight effect of the exposure check in China.]

[Footnote 251: Above, p. 101.]

[Footnote 252: Aristotle, _Politics_, ii, 9; Plutarch, _Agis_, c. 7.]

[Footnote 253: Athenaeus, citing Phylarchus, iv, 20.]

[Footnote 254: Grote, x, 402; Mahaffy, _Greek Life and Thought_, p. 457; _Greek World under Roman Sway_, p. 237; M'Culloch, _Treatises and Essays_, ed. 1859, pp. 276-78.]

[Footnote 255: Mahaffy, _Greek Life and Thought_, p. 452.]

[Footnote 256: M'Culloch, as cited, p. 275.]

[Footnote 257: Thucydides, i, 93.]

[Footnote 258: Grote, iv, 341, 342.]

[Footnote 259: Citations in Boeckh, bk. i, ch. 12.]

[Footnote 260: Boeckh, bk. i, ch. 12. Cp. De Pauw, _Recherches philosophiques sur les Grecs_, 1787, i, 55-60.]

[Footnote 261: See E. Ardaillon, _Les mines du Laurion dans l'antiquite_, 1897, ch. v.]

[Footnote 262: The mines of Laurium, though anciently worked by the ”Pelasgi,” do not figure in Athenian history till the beginning of the fifth century B.C. Ardaillon, pp. 126-27.]

[Footnote 263: As to the enormous cost in labour and money of such buildings as the Propylaea and the Parthenon, cp. Mahaffy, _Survey of Greek Civilisation_, p. 143, and M'Cullagh, _Industrial History of the Free Nations_, 1846, i, 166, 167.]

[Footnote 264: ”Before the Persian war Athens had contributed less than many other cities, her inferiors in magnitude and in political importance, to the intellectual progress of Greece. She had produced no artists to be compared with those of Argos, Corinth, Sicyon, aegina, Laconia, and of many cities both in the eastern and western colonies.

She could boast of no poets so celebrated as those of the Ionian and aeolian Schools. But ... in the period between the Persian and the Peloponnesian wars both literature and the fine arts began to tend towards Athens as their most favoured seat” (Thirlwall, vol. iii, ch.

xviii, pp. 70, 71). ”Never before or since has life developed so richly”

(Abbott, ii, 415). Cp. Holm, Eng. tr. ii, 156, 157.]

[Footnote 265: This view appears to be substantially at one with the reasoning of Dr. Cunningham (_Western Civilisation_, pp. 112-23). I must dissent, however, from his apparent position (pp. 119-21) that it was the _mode_ of the expenditure that was wrong, and that Athens might have employed her ill-gotten capital ”productively” in the modern economic sense. The cases of Miletus and Tyre, cited by him, seem to be beside the argument.]

[Footnote 266: Plutarch, _Pericles_, c. 11.]

[Footnote 267: Cp. Thirlwall, small ed. iii, 67.]

[Footnote 268: _On the Revenues._]

[Footnote 269: As cited, bk. iv, ch. xxi.]