Part 16 (2/2)

7 ”to grant patents for useful inventions” Kenneth W. Dobyns, The Patent Office Pony: A History of the Early Patent Office (Fredericksburg, VA: Sergeant Kirkland's Museum and Historical Society, 1994).

8 ”Each revolution of the axle tree” Thompson Westcott, Life of John Fitch, the Inventor of the Steam-boat (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1857).

9 ”the exhibition yesterday” Ibid.

10 ”provide limited patents” Ibid.

11 ”If nature has made any one thing” S. E. Forman, The Life and Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Including All of His Important Utterances on Public Questions, Compiled from State Papers and from His Private Correspondence (Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1900).

12 In 1792, the official cost of a patent Christine MacLeod, et al., ”Evaluating Inventive Activity: The Cost of Nineteenth-Century UK Patents and the Fallibility of Renewal Data,” Economic History Review LVI, no. 3, Aug. 2003.

13 The cost of a U.S. patent application Khan, ”An Economic History of Patent Inst.i.tutions.”

14 ”I have in my bed viewed the whole operation” Ferguson, ”The Mind's Eye: Nonverbal Thought in Technology.”

15 ”If the bringing together under the same roof” Carroll W. Pursell, Technology in America: A History of Individuals and Ideas (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981). It should be noted that Jefferson's complaint was as personal as it was political; in 1806, he had built his own mill, using some of the same methods as Evans, who sent the then sitting president a bill for licensing his patented technology.

16 His goal had been to earn his living ”Oliver Evans” in John A. Garraty, Mark C. Carnes, and American Council of Learned Societies, American National Biography (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).

17 ”Boiler with the furnace in the center” Greville Bathe and Dorothy Bathe, Oliver Evans: A Chronicle of Early American Engineering (Philadelphia: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1935).

18 ”the more the steam is confined” Hills, Power from Steam, citing The Emporium of Arts and Sciences 4, 1813.

19 the first significant improvement over Watt's linkage Eugene S. Ferguson, ”Kinematics of Mechanisms from the Time of Watt,” United States National Museum Bulletin 288, Paper 27, 1962.

20 ”in poverty at the age of 50” Bathe and Bathe, Oliver Evans.

21 ”And it shall come to pa.s.s” Ibid.

22 ”the time will come” Ibid.

23 ”In 179495, I sent drawings” Ibid.

24 ”disobedient, slow, obstinate” Anthony Burton, Richard Trevithick.

25 Gilbert explained that with each stroke Kerker, ”Science and the Steam Engine.”

26 ”Captain d.i.c.k got up steam” Anthony Burton, Richard Trevithick.

27 Two of Trevithick's drivers Hills, ”The Development of the Steam Engine from Watt to Stephenson.”

28 One of the more avid users was the Coalbrookdale foundry ”Richard Trevithick” in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

29 ”Mr. B. & Watt” Hills, Power from Steam.

30 Also, the grade was extremely gentle Anthony Burton, Richard Trevithick.

31 ”makes the draft much stronger” L.T.C. Rolt, George and Robert Stephenson: The Railway Revolution (London: Longmans, 1960).

32 ”yesterday we proceeded” National Museum of Wales, ”Richard Trevithick's Steam Locomotive,” 2008, online article at /ppoweruk 38 Slightly less eyebrow-raising Rolt, George and Robert Stephenson.

39 The first common carrier to realize this Eugene S. Ferguson, ”Steam Transportation,” in Kranzberg and Pursell, eds., Technology in Western Civilization.

40 ”From professors of philosophy” Quoted in Rolt, George and Robert Stephenson.

41 ”Rely upon it, locomotives” Archives of the Science Museum, London, at .

Copyright 2010 by William Rosen All rights reserved.

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