Part 75 (2/2)
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas 1--3. Fruit a 1-celled, 1-seeded drupe, with soft pulp and a thin-crustaceous (flattened or tumid) stone.--Shrubs, with simple leaves, and white flowers in flat compound cymes. Petioles sometimes bearing little appendages which are evidently stipules. Leaf-buds naked, or with a pair of scales. (The cla.s.sical Latin name, of unknown meaning.)
-- 1. _Cyme radiant, the marginal flowers neutral, with greatly enlarged flat corollas as in_ Hydrangea; _drupes coral-red turning darker, not acid; stone sulcate; leaves pinnately veined; winter-buds naked._
1. V. lantanodes, Michx. (HOBBLE-BUSH. AMERICAN WAYFARING-TREE.) Leaves (4--8' across) round-ovate, abruptly pointed, heart-shaped at the base, closely serrate, the veins and veinlets beneath with the stalks and branchlets very rusty-scurfy; cymes sessile, very broad and flat.--Cold moist woods, N. Brunswick to Ont. and Penn., and in the mountains to N. C. May. A straggling shrub; the reclining branches often taking root.
-- 2. _Cyme peduncled, radiant in n. 2; drupe light red, acid, globose; stone very flat, orbicular, not sulcate; leaves palmately veined; winter-buds scaly._
2. V. opulus, L. (CRANBERRY-TREE.) Nearly smooth, upright (4--10 high); leaves 3--5-ribbed, strongly 3-lobed, broadly wedge-shaped or truncate at base, the spreading lobes pointed, mostly toothed on the sides, entire in the sinuses; petioles bearing 2 glands at the apex.--Low ground, along streams, from N. Brunswick far westward, and south to Penn. June, July.--The acid fruit is a subst.i.tute for cranberries, whence the names _High Cranberry-bush_, etc. The well-known SNOW-BALL TREE, or GUELDER-ROSE, is a cultivated state, with the whole cyme turned into showy sterile flowers. (Eu.)
3. V. pauciflrum, Pylaie. A low straggling shrub; leaves glabrous or loosely p.u.b.escent beneath, 5-ribbed at base, unequally serrate nearly all round, with 3 short lobes at the summit; cyme few-flowered; stamens shorter than the corolla.--Cold woods, Newf. and Lab. to the mountains of N. Eng., westward to N. Mich. and the Rocky Mts.
-- 3. _Cyme never radiant; drupes blue, or dark-purple or black at maturity._
[*] _Leaves 3-ribbed from the rounded or subcordate base, somewhat 3-lobed; stipules bristle-shaped._
4. V. aceriflium, L. (DOCKMACKIE. ARROW-WOOD.) Shrub 3--6 high; leaves soft-downy beneath, the pointed lobes diverging, unequally toothed; cymes small, slender-peduncled; stamens exserted; fruit crimson turning purple; stone lenticular, hardly sulcate.--Cool rocky woods, from N. Brunswick to N. C., and west to S. Minn.
[*][*] _Leaves (with base inclined to heart-shaped) coa.r.s.ely toothed, prominently pinnately veined; stipules narrowly subulate; no rusty scurf; fruit ovoid, blue or purple; the stone grooved; cymes peduncled._
[+] _Stone flat; leaves all short-petioled or subsessile._
5. V. p.u.b.escens, Pursh. (DOWNY A.) A low, straggling shrub; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or taper-pointed, the veins and teeth fewer and less conspicuous than in the next, the lower surface and very short petioles soft-downy, at least when young; fruit dark-purple; the stone lightly 2-sulcate on the faces.--Rocks, etc., Lower Canada to the mountains of Ga., west to Iowa and Minn. June.
[+][+] _Stone very deeply sulcate ventrally; leaves rather slender-petioled._
6. V. dentatum, L. (ARROW-WOOD.) Smooth, 5--15 high, with ash-colored bark; leaves broadly ovate, very numerously sharp-toothed and strongly veined; fruit 3” long; cross-section of stone between kidney- and horseshoe-shaped.--Wet places, N. Brunswick to N. Ga., and west to Minn.
June.--The pale leaves often with hairy tufts in the axils of the straight veins.
7. V. molle, Michx. Leaves broadly oval, obovate or ovate, scarcely pointed, coa.r.s.ely crenate or repand-toothed, the lower surface, branchlets and cymes soft-downy, the latter with stellate p.u.b.escence; fruit oily, larger and more pointed, the stone as in n. 6, but less deeply excavated.--Coast of N. Eng. (Martha's Vineyard), to Tex.
[*][*][*] _Leaves finely serrate or entire, bright green; veins not prominent; stipules none; whole plant glabrous or with some minute rusty scurf; fruit black or with a blue bloom, sweet, stone very flat and even, broadly oval or orbicular._
[+] _Cymes peduncled, about 5-rayed; drupes globose-ovoid, 3” long, shrubs 5--12 high, in swamps._
8. V. ca.s.sinodes, L. (WITHE-ROD.) Shoots scurfy-punctate; leaves thickish and _opaque or dull_, ovate to oblong, mostly with obtuse ac.u.mination, _obscurely veiny_ (1--3' long), _with margins irregularly crenulate-denticulate_ or sometimes entire; _peduncle shorter than the cyme_. (V. nudum, var. ca.s.sinoides, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Newf. to N. J. and Minn. Flowers earlier than the next.
9. V. nudum, L. Obscurely scurfy-punctate; _leaves more veiny_, thickish, oval, oblong or lanceolate, entire or obsoletely denticulate, _lucid above_ (2--4' long); _peduncle usually equalling the cyme_.--N. J. to Fla.
[+][+] _Compound cymes sessile, 3--5-rayed; drupes oval, 5--7” long._
10. V. Lentago, L. (SWEET VIBURNUM. SHEEP-BERRY.) _Leaves ovate, strongly pointed_, closely and very _sharply serrate_; petioles long and margined; cyme large; fruit oval, ' long or more, ripe in autumn, edible; tree 15--30 high.--Woods and banks of streams, from the Atlantic to Mo., Minn., and northward. Fl. in spring.
11. V. pruniflium, L. (BLACK HAW.) _Leaves oval, obtuse_ or slightly pointed, _finely and sharply serrate_, smaller than in the preceding (1--2' long); fruit similar or rather smaller.--Dry or moist ground, N. Y. to Mich., Kan., and southward. Flowering early.--A tall shrub or small tree.
12. V. obovatum, Walt. Shrub 2--8 high; leaves obovate or spatulate, obtuse, entire or denticulate, thickish, small (1--1' long), s.h.i.+ning; cymes small; fruit 5” long, black.--River-banks and swamps, Va. to Fla.
May.
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