Part 76 (1/2)

4. TRIoSTEUM, L. FEVER-WORT. HORSE-GENTIAN.

Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, leaf-like, persistent. Corolla tubular, gibbous at base, somewhat equally 5-lobed, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens 5. Ovary mostly 3-celled, in fruit forming a rather dry drupe, containing as many ribbed 1-seeded bony nutlets.--Coa.r.s.e, hairy, perennial herbs, leafy to the top; the ample entire pointed leaves tapering to the base, but connate round the simple stem. Flowers sessile, solitary or cl.u.s.tered in the axils. (Name an abbreviation of _Triosteospermum_, alluding to the three bony nutlets.)

1. T. perfoliatum, L. _Softly hairy_ (2--4 high); _leaves oval, abruptly narrowed below_, downy beneath; flowers brownish-purple, mostly cl.u.s.tered; fruit orange-color, ' long.--Rich woodlands, Canada and N.

Eng. to Minn., Iowa, and Ala. June. Also called TINKER'S-WEED, WILD COFFEE, etc.

2. T. angustiflium, L. Smaller, _bristly-hairy; leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base_; flowers greenish-cream-color, mostly single in the axils.--Shady grounds, Va. to Ill., Mo., and Ala. May.

5. LINNae'A, Gronov. TWIN-FLOWER.

Calyx-teeth 5, awl-shaped, deciduous. Corolla narrow bell-shaped, almost equally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, two of them shorter, inserted toward the base of the corolla. Ovary and the small dry pod 3-celled, but only 1-seeded, two of the cells having only abortive ovules.--A slender creeping and trailing little evergreen, somewhat hairy, with rounded-oval sparingly crenate leaves contracted at the base into short petioles, and thread-like upright peduncles forking into 2 pedicels at the top, each bearing a delicate and fragrant nodding flower. Corolla purple and whitish, hairy inside. (Dedicated to the immortal _Linnaeus_, who first pointed out its characters, and with whom this pretty little plant was a special favorite.)

1. L. borealis, Gronov.--Moist mossy woods and cold bogs, N. Eng. to N. J. and the mountains of Md., west to Minn.; also far north and west.

June. (Eu.)

6. SYMPHORICaRPOS, Dill. s...o...b..RRY.

Calyx-teeth short, persistent. Corolla bell-shaped, regularly 4--5-lobed, with as many short stamens inserted into its throat. Ovary 4-celled, only 2 of the cells with a fertile ovule; the berry therefore 4-celled but only 2-seeded. Seeds bony.--Low and branching upright shrubs, with oval short-petioled leaves, which are downy underneath and entire, or wavy toothed or lobed on the young shoots. Flowers white tinged with rose-color, in close short spikes or cl.u.s.ters. (Name composed of s?f????, _to bear together_, and ?a?p??, _fruit_; from the cl.u.s.tered berries.)

[*] _Style bearded; fruit red; flowers all in short dense axillary cl.u.s.ters._

1. S. vulgaris, Michx. (INDIAN CURRANT. CORAL-BERRY.) Flowers in the axils of nearly all the leaves; corolla sparingly bearded; berries small.--Rocky banks, western N. Y. and Penn. to Dak., Neb., and Tex.

July.

[*][*] _Style glabrous; fruit white; flowers in cl.u.s.ters or sometimes solitary._

2. S. occidentalis, Hook. (WOLFBERRY.) _Flowers in dense terminal and axillary spikes_; corolla much bearded within; stamens and style protruded.--Rocky ground, N. Mich. and Ill., west to the Rocky Mts.--Flowers larger and more funnel-form, and stamens longer, than in the next.

3. S. racemsus, Michx. (s...o...b..RRY.) _Flowers in a loose and somewhat leafy interrupted spike_ at the end of the branches; corolla bearded inside; berries large.--Rocky banks, N. New Eng. and Penn., to Minn. and westward; common in cultivation. June--Sept. Berries ripe in autumn.--Var. PAUCIFLRUS, Robbins. Low, diffusely branched and spreading; leaves smaller (about 1' long), the spike reduced to one or two flowers in the uppermost axils.--Mountains of Vt. and Penn. to Minn., Dak., and westward.

7. LONiCERA, L. HONEYSUCKLE. WOODBINE.

Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla tubular or funnel-form, often gibbous at the base, irregularly or almost regularly 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary 2--3-celled. Berry several-seeded.--Leaves entire. Flowers often showy and fragrant. (Named in honor of _Adam Lonitzer_, latinized _Lonicerus_, a German herbalist of the 16th century.)

-- 1. XYLoSTEON. _Upright bushy shrubs; leaves all distinct; peduncles axillary, single, 2-flowered at the summit; the two berries sometimes united into one; calyx-teeth not persistent._

[*] _Bracts (2 or sometimes 4) at the base of the ovaries minute._

1. L. ciliata, Muhl. (FLY-HONEYSUCKLE.) Branches straggling (3--5 high); _leaves oblong-ovate, often heart-shaped, petioled, thin_, downy beneath; _filiform peduncles shorter than the leaves_; corolla funnel-form, almost spurred at the base (greenish-yellow, ' long), the lobes nearly equal; _berries separate (red)_.--Rocky woods, N. Brunswick to Penn. and Minn. May.

2. L. caerulea, L. (MOUNTAIN F.) Low (1--2 high); branches upright; _leaves oval_, downy when young; _peduncles very short; bracts awl-shaped, longer than the ovaries, which are united into one (blue) berry_; flowers yellowish.--Mountain woods and bogs, Lab. to R. I., Minn., and northward. May. (Eu.)

3. L. oblongiflia, Muhl. (SWAMP F.) Shrub 2--5 high, branches upright; _leaves_ (2--3' long) _oblong_, downy when young, smooth when old; _peduncles long and slender; bracts minute or deciduous; corolla deeply 2-lipped_ (' long, yellowish-white); _berries (purple) united_ or nearly distinct.--Bogs, N. New Eng. and N. Y., to Minn. June.

[*][*] _The two flowers involucrate by 4 conspicuous and broad foliaceous bracts._

4. L. involucrata, Banks. p.u.b.escent, or becoming glabrous; branches 4-angular; leaves (2--5' long) ovate-oblong, mostly pointed, petioled, and with a strong midrib, exceeding the peduncle; corolla yellowish, viscid-p.u.b.escent, cylindraceous (6--8” long); ovaries and globose dark-purple berries distinct.--Deep woods; sh.o.r.es of L. Superior, and north and westward.