Part 20 (1/2)

The great landular hairs secreting a strong-scented volatile oil, giving the peculiar odor to these plants The dead nettle (_Lahly typical exae, mints, catnip, thyme, lavender, etc, will recall the peculiarities of the fah the abortion of one of them, but sometimes only two perfect stamens are present

[Illustration: FIG 120--_Anisocarpous sympetalae_ (_labiatiflorae_)

_A_, dead nettle, _Lale flower, 1 _C_, the stamens and pistil, 1 _D_, cross-section of the ovary, 2 _E_, diagram of the flower; the position of the absent stamen is indicated by the se, _Salvia_ (_labiatae_), 1 Part of the persistent calyx has been removed to show the four seed-like fruits, or nutlets _G_, section of a nutlet, 3 The embryo fills the seed cowort, _Scrophularia_ (_Scrophularineae_), 1 _I_, cross-section of the young fruit, 2 _J_, flower of speedwell, _Veronica_ (_Scrophularineae_), 2 _K_, fruit of _Veronica_, 2

_L_, cross-section of _K_ _M_, flower of moth-mullein, _Verbascum_ (_Scrophularineae_),_N_, flower of toad-flax, _Linaria_ (_Scrophularineae_), 1 _O_, leaf of bladder-weed, _Utricularia_ (_Lentibulariaceae_), 1 _x_, one of the ”traps” _P_, a single trap, 5]

The _Scrophularineae_ differround ste into separate one-seeded fruits

The leaves are also so and two short, as in the labiates, but in the120, _M_), where the flower is only slightly zygomorphic, there is a fifth rudi 120, _J_) there are but two stae, showy flowers, as in the cultivated foxglove (_Digitalis_), and the native species of _Gerardia_, wort, _Scrophularia_ (Fig 120, _H_), and speedwells (_Veronica_) have duller-colored or smaller flowers

[Illustration: FIG 121--_Anisocarpous sy branch of trule flower, divided lengthwise,_C_, cross-section of the ovary, 2 _D_, diagram of the flower _E_, flower of vervain, _Verbena_ (_Verbenae_), 2: i, from the side; ii, from in front; iii, the corolla laid open _F_, nearly ripe fruit of the same, 2 _G_, part of a spike of flowers of the coineae_), 1; The upper flowers have the pistils mature, but the staer) part of the spike _I_, an older expanded floith ripe stamens, 3]

The curious bladder-weed (_Utricularia_) is the type of the family _Lentibulariaceae_, aquatic or semi-aquatic plants which possess special contrivances for capturing insects or small water ani 120, _P_) which act as traps fro captured There does not appear to be here any actual digestion, but simply an absorption of the products of decomposition, as in the pitcher-plant

In the nearly related land forement as in the sundew

The family _Gesneraceae_ is reenhouses by the nificent _Gloxinia_ and _Achimenes_, but of native plants there are only a few parasitic forms destitute of chlorophyll and with small, inconspicuous flowers The cous_, a much-branched, brownish plant, common in autumn about the roots of beech-trees upon which it is parasitic, and whence it derives its cononiaceae_) is mainly tropical, but in our southern states is represented by the showy tru 121, _A_), the catalpa, and _Martynia_

The other plants likely to beeither to the _Verbenaceae_, represented by the showy verbenas of the gardens, and our enus _Verbena_ (Fig 121, _E_); or to the plantain faineae_), of which the various species of plantain (_Plantago_) are fa 121, _G_, _I_) The latter seem to be forms in which the flowers have become inconspicuous, and are wind fertilized, while probably all of its showy-flowered relatives are dependent on insects for fertilization

The third order (_Contortae_) of the _Anisocarpae_ includes five families, all represented by familiar forms The first, the olive family (_Oleaceae_), besides the olive, contains the lilac and jas cultivated plants, and the various species of ash (_Fraxinus_), and the pretty fringe-tree (_Chionanthus_) (Fig 122, _A_), often cultivated for its abundant white flowers The other faentians (_Gentiana_) (Fig 122, _F_), the buck-bean (_Menyanthes_), the centauries (_Erythraea_ and _Sabbatia_), and several other less faelia_) (Fig 122, _D_), as the best-known exa 122, _H_), and in the gardens the oleander and periwinkle (_Vinca_)

[Illustration: FIG 122--_Anisocarpous sye-tree, _Chionanthus_ (_Oleaceae_), 1 _B_, base of the floith part of the calyx and corolla removed, 2 _C_, fruit of white ash, _Fraxinus_ (_Oleaceae_), 1 _D_, flower of pink-root, _Spigelia_ (_Loganiaceae_),_E_, cross-section of the ovary, 3 _F_, flower of fringed gentian, _Gentiana_ (_Gentianaceae_),_G_, diagra-bane, _Apocynum_ (_Apocynaceae_),_I_, vertical section of a flower, 2 _J_, bud _K_, flower of milk-weed, _Asclepias_ (_Asclepiadaceae_), 1 _L_, vertical section through the upper part of the flower, 2

_gy_ pistil _p_, pollen masses _an_ stamen _M_, a pair of pollen masses, 6 _N_, a nearly ripe seed, 1]

The last family is the milk-weeds (_Asclepiadaceae_), which have extre 122, _K_) are familiar representatives, and exhibit perfectly the peculiarities of the fa-banes, the plants contain a milky juice which is often poisonous Besides the true enera within the United States, but mostly southern in their distribution Many of the plants and occasionally cultivated for their showy flowers Of the cultivated forms, the wax-plant (_Hoya_), and _Physianthus_ are the commonest

[Illustration: FIG 123--_Anisocarpous sympetalae_ (_Campanulinae_)

_A_, vertical section of the bud of American bell-flower, _Campanula_ (_Campanulaceae_), 2 _B_, an expanded flower, 1 The stama has opened _C_, cross-section of the ovary, 3 _D_, flower of the Carpathian bell-flower (_Campanula Carpatica_), 1 _E_, flower of cardinal-flower, _Lobelia_ (_Lobeliaceae_), 1 _F_, the same, with the corolla and sepals rey_ the tip of the pistil

_G_, the tip of the pistil, 2, showing the circle of hairs surrounding the stigma _H_, cross-section of the ovary, 3 _I_, tip of a branch of cucumber, _Cucurbita_ (_Cucurbitaceae_), with an expanded fe the peculiar convoluted anthers (_an_), 2 _K_, cross-section of the ovary, 2]

The fourth order (_Campanulinae_) also embraces five fa our wild plants The bell-flowers (_Ca 123, _A_, _D_) are examples of the family _Campanulaceae_, and numerous species are common, both wild and cultivated

[Illustration: FIG 124--_Anisocarpous sy branch of _Houstonia purpurea_, 1 (_Rubiaceae_) _B_, vertical section of a flower, 2 _C_, fruit of bluets (_Houstonia crulea_), 1 _D_, cross-section of the sale flower, 2 _G_, flower of arroood, _Viburnum_ (_Caprifoliaceae_), 2 _H_, the sa branch of trule flower, the upper part laid open, 1 _K_, diagram of the flower _L_, part of the inflorescence of valerian, _Valeriana_, (_Valerianeae_), 1 _M_, young; _N_, older flower, 2 _O_, cross-section of the young fruit; one division of the three contains a perfect seed, the others are crowded to one side by its growth _P_, inflorescence of teasel, _Dipsacus_ (_Dipsaceae_),_fl_ flowers _Q_, a single flower, 1 _R_, the same, with the corolla laid open]

The various species of _Lobelia_, of which the splendid cardinal-flower (_L Cardinalis_) (Fig 123, _E_) is one of the most beautiful, represent the very characteristic family _Lobeliaceae_

Their milky juice contains more or less marked poisonous properties