Part 18 (1/2)

_H_, the five pistils, 1 _I_, longitudinal section of the fruit, 1 _J_, flower of larkspur (_Delphinium_), 1 _K_, the four petals and stamens, after the removal of the five colored and petal-like sepals, 1]

The noliaceae_) has several co, perhaps, the tulip-tree (_Liriodendron_) (Fig 100, _C_), much valued for its tinolia, the lauca_) of the Atlantic States, and the cucurandiflora_) is not hardy in the northern states

The sweet-scented shrub (_Calycanthus_) (Fig 100, _G_) is the only member of the faroild in the southern states, and is cultivated for its sweet-scented, dull, reddish flowers

[Illustration: FIG 100--Types of _Aphanocyclae_ (_Polycarpae_) _A_, branch of papaw, _Asimina_ (_Anonaceae_),_B_, section of the flower, 1 _C_, flower and leaf of tulip-tree, _Liriodendron_ (_Magnoliaceae_), ? _D_, section of a flower,_E_, a ripe fruit, 1 _F_, diagram of the flower _G_, flower of the sweet-scented shrub, _Calycanthus_ (_Calycanthaceae_), ]

The barberry (_Berberis_) (Fig 101, _A_) is the type of the family _Berberideae_, which also includes the curious101, _D_), and the twin-leaf or rheumatism-root (_Jeffersonia_), whose curious seed vessel is shown in Figure 101, _G_ The fruit of the barberry and may-apple are edible, but the root of the latter is poisonous

The curious woody twiner,101, _I_), is the sole example in the northern states of the fas The flowers are dicious, and the pistillate flowers are succeeded by black fruits looking like grapes The flattened, bony seed is curiously sculptured, and has the embryo curled up within it

[Illustration: FIG 101--Types of _Aphanocyclae_ (_Polycarpae_) _A-H_, _Berberidaceae_ _A_, flower of barberry (_Berberis_), 2 _B_, the sa, 3

_D_, flower of may-apple (_Podophylluram of the flower _G_, ripe fruit of twin-leaf (_Jeffersonia_), opening by a lid,_H_, section of seed, showing the e leaf and cluster of male flowers of le male flower, 2 _K_, section of a female flower, 2 _L_, ripe seed, 1 _M_, section of _L_, showing the curved embryo]

The last two families of the order, the laurel fa family (_Myristicineae_) are rance of the bark, leaves, and fruit The former is represented by the sassafras and spice-bush, cohout the eastern United States The latter has no h the corans_ of the East Indies ”Mace” is the ”aril” or covering of the seed of the same plant

The second order of the _Aphanocyclae_ coe size, and is known as the _Hydropeltidinae_

The flowers and leaves are usually very large, the latter usually nearly round in outline, and frequently with the stalk inserted near the one are nuradually into the stamens, as we find in the common white water-lily (_Castalia_)

[Illustration: FIG 102--Types of _Aphanocyclae_ (_Hydropeltidinae_)

_A_, yelloater-lily, _Nymphaea_ (_Nymphaeaceae_),_B_, a leaf of the sae petal-like sepals re fruit,_F_, lotus, _Nelue receptacle, with the separate pistils sunk in its surface,_I_, section of a single pistil, 2 _ov_ the ovule _J_, upper part of a section through the stigma and ovule (_ov_), 4]

There are three families, all represented within the United States

The first (_Nelule species, the yellow lotus or nelumbo (_Nelumbo lutea_), common in the waters of the west and southwest, but rare eastward (Fig 101, _F_) In this flower, the end of the flower axis is -pot, and has the large, separate carpels embedded in its upper surface When ripe, each forms a nut-like fruit which is edible

There are but two species of _Nelu a native of southeastern Asia, and probably found in ancient tiypt, as it is represented frequently in the pictures and carvings of the ancient Egyptians It differs mainly from our species in the color of its flohich are red instead of yellow It has recently been introduced into New Jersey where it has become well established in several localities

The second family (_Cabombeae_) is also represented at the north by but one species, the water shi+eld (_Brasenia_), not uncommon in marshes

Its flowers are quite small, of a dull-purple color, and the leaves oval in outline and centrally peltate, _ie_ the leaf stalk inserted in the centre The whole plant is covered with a transparent gelatinous coat

The third family (_Nymphaeaceae_) includes the common white water-lilies (_Castalia_) and the yelloater-lilies (_Ny 102, _A_)

In the latter the petals are s 102, _C_, _p_), but the sepals are large and showy In this fa separate, are united into a large coreatest perfection in the tropics, where they attain an enormous size, the white, blue, or red flowers of so thirty centireat _Victoria regia_ of the A two metres or more in width

The third order of the _Aphanocyclae_ (_Rhadinae_ or _Cruciflorae_) comprises a nu the parts of the flowers in twos or fours, so that they are more or less distinctly cross-shaped, whence the name _Cruciflorae_

There are four families, of which the first is the poppy fa the poppies, eschscholtzias, Mexican or prickly poppy (_Argeuinaria_), celandine poppy (_Stylophoru 103, _A-I_) Most of the family have a colored juice (latex), which is white in the poppy, yellow in celandine and _Argee-red in the blood-root From the latex of the opium poppy the opium of commerce is extracted

[Illustration: FIG 103--Types of _Aphanocyclae_ (_Rhdinae_) _A_, plant of blood-root, _Sanguinaria_ (_Papaveraceae_), ? _B_, a single flower, 1 _C_, fruit,_D_, section of the seed _eram of the flower _F_, flower of Dutchroup of three stamens of the same, 2 _H_, one of the inner petals, 2 _I_, fruit of celandine poppy, _Stylophorum_ (_Papaveraceae_),_J_, flower of mustard, _Brassica_ (_Cruciferae_), 1 _K_, the same, with the petals removed, 2 _L_, fruit of the same, 1]

The second family, the fumitories (_Fumariaceae_) are delicate, sarden bleeding-heart (_Dicentra spectabilis_) and the pretty, wild _Dicentras_ (Fig 103, _F_) are familiar to nearly every one

Other exa species, and several species of _Corydalis_, differingthe corolla one-sided

The reater part of the order The shepherd's-purse, already studied, belongs here, and reat uniforards the flowers, so that the classification is based mainly on differences in the fruit and seeds Many of the etables, as well as a few more or less valuable wild plants, are members of the faes, turnips, radishes, with all their varieties, belong here, as well as numerous species of wild cresses A few like the wall-flower (_Cheiranthus_) and stock (_Matthiola_) are cultivated for ornament