Part 10 (2/2)

The e a little potash to the water in which it is lying, allowing it to relass with a needle In this way it can be easily forced out of the archegoniu away the potash, neutralizing if necessary with a little acetic acid, very beautiful preparations lycerine which, however,the cells

[Illustration: FIG 63--_A_, protonema of _Funaria_, with a bud (_k_), 50 _B_, outline of a leaf, showing also the thickened midrib, 12 _C_, cells of the leaf, 300 _n_, nucleus _D_, chlorophyll granules undergoing division, 300 _E_, cross-section of the stem, 50]

For some time the embryo has a nearly cylindrical form, but as it approaches maturity the differentiation into stalk and capsule becomes apparent The latter increases rapidly in diarown capsule A longitudinal section of the nearly ripe capsule (Fig 58, _G_) shoo distinct portions; an outer wall of two layers of cells, and an inner mass of cells in some of which the spores are produced This inner mass of cells is continuous with the upper part of the capsule, but connected with the side walls and botto fila cells

The spores arise frole layer of cells near the outside of the inner mass of cells (_G_, _sp_) These cells (_H_, _sp_) are filled with glistening, granular protoplase and distinct nucleus, and no chlorophyll They finally becoives rise to four spores which closely resemble those of the liverworts but are smaller

Near the base of the capsule, on the outside, are for 58, _F_) quite siher plants

If the spores are kept in water for a few days they will ger the outer brown coat, and the contents protruding through the opening surrounded by the colorless inner spore th and soon becothening, reen filarown plant, and like those giving rise to buds that develop into leafy plants

CLassIFICATION OF THE MOSSES

The mosses naceae_); II _Andreaeaceae_; III _Phascaceae_; IV The common mosses (_Bryaceae_)

[Illustration: FIG 64--_A_, a peat onium of the same, 3 _C_, a portion of a leaf, 150 The narrow, chlorophyll-bearing cells fore, colorless empty cells, whose walls are s (_o_)]

The peatoften in enors They are of a peculiar spongy texture, very light when dry, and capable of absorbing a great a closely crowded at the top, where the ste away below

[Illustration: FIG 65--For plant of _Atrichu capsule of hairy-cap e, hairy calyptra

_D_, capsules of _Bartramia_: i, with; ii, without the calyptra _E_, upper part of athe flower, 2

_F_, a male plant of _Mnium_, 4 _G_, pine-tree moss (_Clemacium_), 1 _H_, _Hypnum_, 1 _I_, ripe capsules of hairy-cap ans are rarely met with, but should be looked for late in autuht-colored, red or yellow, so as to be very conspicuous The capsules, which are not often found, are larger than in most of the common mosses, and quite destitute of a stalk, the apparent stalk being a prolongation of the axis of the plant in the top of which the base of the sporogoniu by a lid at the top (Fig 64, _B_)

A microscopical examination of the leaves, which are quite destitute of a midrib, shows the cells surrounding er es, and perforated here and there with large, round holes (Fig 64, _C_) It is to the presence of these ey texture, the growing plants being fairly saturated ater

The _Andreaeaceae_ are very small, and not at all co like a liverwort

The _Phascaceae_ are sround or lon on the trunks of trees, etc They differ principally froularly and not by a lid The co 65, _A_)

The vast majority of theto the last order, and agree in the main with the one described Soure 65

CHAPTER XII

SUB-KINGDOM V

PTERIDOPHYTES

If we cooniu the sexual organs, we find that its tissues are better differentiated, and that it is on the whole a more complex structure than the plant that bears it It, however, re its nourishh the ”foot” by means of which it is attached to the plant