Part 2 (1/2)

_Black_: Nigrosine black, four ounces, dissolved in one gallon of boiling water

When wanted for use, these analines may be diluted ater The rule is, an ounce of analine to the gallon of water to for stain

Or to a pint of the stock solution, as it is called, you may add three pints of water

15 Oil Stains--It will be found that quicker work can be done with oil stain than ater colors For that reason, oil stains are also used a great deal as a dipping stain In preparing oil stains, the best ments to dissolve with turpentine are Van dyke brown, chroreen, burnt and raw sienna, and la--There are two kinds of shellac, orange and white

The white shellac is orange shellac that has been bleached The purpose of shellac as coive a quick coat over the stain The thin coat formed serves as a protector for the stain and also as an undercoater for the following coat of varnish In this way at least one coat of varnish is elireat deal of time saved because the shellac dries within a few minutes To thin shellac use denatured alcohol

On cheaper toys a coat of shellac only e shellac is used it will be found that it effects the color of the stain used White shellac also produces a slight change in color and for this reason ood clear varnish instead

17 Varnishi+ng--Two or three coats of varnish will produce a very durable finish The first coat of varnish ought not be quite as heavy as the succeeding coats If the varnish is of extra heavy body it should be reduced slightly for the first coat The best varnish reducer is thin varnish To prepare this reducer, take one part varnish (the same varnish to be reduced), and two parts of turpentine Shake these together well and let stand twenty-four hours before using This will reduce the consistency of the varnish without tearing down the body as pure turpentine would The first coat of varnish should be allowed to dry thoroly before the second coat is applied

Oil varnishes ums, pure linseed oil, and turpentine, are theturpentine to thin varnish care should be taken that adulterated turpentine is not used To play the game safe it is advisable to use a little benzine, for it will not injure the varnish, but will evaporate entirely, and not flatten the varnish as turpentine does

18 Points on Varnishi+ng--(1) The less varnish is worked under the brush the better its luster (2) Use clean brush and pot, and clean varnish See that the surface is clean before beginning to varnish (3) Allow a coat of varnish plenty of ti until it becomes hard

19 Colored Varnish--Colored varnish is that in which a proportion of varnish is added to the pigment and thinned The base is usually an earth color such as ochre, sienna, venitian red, Van dyke brown, umber, lamp black, etc

With this the work can be done in one coat Thisis usually employed on the cheaper class of toys where it isn't advisable to apply an expensive finish

20 Another Suggestion for Finishi+ng--Tint a gallon of benzine or gasoline with chroround in japan until the desired shade is obtained This for purposes

21 Use of Paint--Although paint can be bought ready prepared and in any color, as has been stated, it is advisable to have the students mix their own colors and choose their own color scheood Paint--The best paints are usually round in oil), and a drier

While white lead is sufficient as the pig zinc oxide with the white lead These two substances have the convenient property of balancing each other's disadvantages For instance, zinc oxide has a tendency to crack and to peal, which is overcoain, hite lead is exposed to light and weathering, it becomes chalky, which fault is re hard

The linseed oil used is obtained froround seed About twenty-three gallons of oil can be obtained fro the oil with lead oxide or en fro powers are increased

Driers are substances that absorb oxygen froive part of it to the oil The raw linseed oil absorbs the oxygen froreat aid in overco, one must first consider the kind and condition of the surface to be painted, and to what use the toy will be put; then decide on the proper composition and consistency of the paint

23 Application of Paint--In applying the paint to the toy the first coat should be thinned This will act as a pri coats of paint Care should be taken that plenty of time is allowed between coats for the paint to dry thoroly Three coats of paint will produce a good finish

24 Preparation of surface--All ork must be sanded and thoroly dry before any paint is applied Care should be taken to see that all knots and sappy streaks shall be covered with a coat of orange shellac

Then apply the first coat

After the pri coat of paint is thoroly dry, putty up all knot holes, dents, cracks, and other defects in the surface with a pure linseed oil putty co When putty is dry, proceed with the other coats

25 Tinting Materials--Foreneral way Make soth and tone of different h out your color and add it gradually, not all at once, noting the effect as you go When you reach the desired shade, stop, regardless of what the forhtly alter shades Make allowance for this

26 Mixing Paints--Faulty , even with the best of materials, is not likely to ive the lead and oil a chance to incorporate themselves in that close union which they always ive best results The order is important

(1) Break up the white lead with a paddle, using only enough oil to bring it to the consistency of colors in oil