Part 13 (2/2)

32. Croyland Chronicle 33. Andre 34. Caxton; The Caxton Project; Gill 35. Dictionary of National Biography 36. Croyland Chronicle 37. Ibid.

38. Ibid.

39. Baldwin: Elizabeth Woodville 40. Croyland Chronicle 41. Vergil 42. Stonyhurst MS. 37; Tudor-Craig 43. Vergil 44. Hicks: Edward V 45. Vergil 46. Croyland Chronicle. The original Parliament Roll was destroyed in 1485, but a transcript of the act survives in the Croyland Chronicle.

47. Herlihy 48. Peter Clarke; Hicks: Anne Neville 49. Croyland Chronicle 50. St. Aubyn. I can find no contemporary evidence to support this statement.

51. Harleian MS. 433, f. 308; Original Letters Ill.u.s.trative of English History 52. Cheetham 53. Croyland Chronicle 54. Rotuli Parliamentorum 55. Smyth 56. Baldwin: Lost Prince; Harleian MS. 433; Smyth 57. Mcmahon; Pevsner; Wilts.h.i.+re Community History 58. Victoria County History: North Yorks.h.i.+re 59. PPE.

60. Smyth 61. Baldwin: Lost Prince; Victoria County History: North Yorks.h.i.+re; Smyth. John Nesfield had died by April 1488, when his widow, Margaret a.s.sheton, was granted letters of administration.

62. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III 63. For example, Kendall in Richard the Third 64. Harleian MS. 433, III 65. Ibid.

66. Pierce 67. Richard III: Crown and People 68. For example, Myers in ”The Princes in the Tower” and Kendall in Richard the Third 69. Pierce 70. Commines 71. Buck; Strickland 72. Croyland Chronicle. An empty tomb bearing the worn effigy of a boy in Sheriff Hutton Church, Yorks.h.i.+re, has long been claimed to be Edward of Middleham's. It once bore the Neville arms (as Anne Neville is shown wearing in the contemporary Salisbury Roll) and the royal arms differenced, so the identification may be correct. Hicks: Anne Neville.

73. Croyland Chronicle 74. Great Chronicle of London 75. Gristwood 76. Croyland Chronicle 5: ”HER ONLY JOY AND MAKER”

1. Croyland Chronicle 2. Ibid.

3. Rous 4. Croyland Chronicle 5. The pa.s.sage has also been translated to read that Queen Anne and Elizabeth were of similar coloring and shape, but that would hardly have given rise to such comments and speculation.

6. Hicks: Anne Neville 7. Letter of Thomas Langton, Bishop of St. David's, cited by Ross: Richard III 8. Pollard 9. Dockray: Richard III: A Source Book 10. Croyland Chronicle. The words ”gratify an incestuous pa.s.sion” can also be translated as ”gratify his incestuous pa.s.sion” or ”complete his incestuous a.s.sociation.”

11. Peter Clarke: ”English Royal Marriages and the Papal Penitentiary in the Fifteenth Century”

12. Cited by Baldwin in Richard III 13. Baldwin: Richard III 14. Hicks: Anne Neville 15. Buck 16. Stow: Annals 17. Croyland Chronicle 18. Helmholz; Sheppard-Routh 19. Croyland Chronicle 20. Acts of Court of the Mercers' Company 21. Croyland Chronicle 22. Ibid.

23. Lopes 24. Warrants for Issues, E. 404/78/3/47 25. For the Portuguese negotiations, see Wilkins; Sanceau; Barrie Williams: ”The Portuguese Connection and the Significance of the 'Holy Princess' ”; Lopes; Santos; Marques; Ashdown-Hill: The Last Days of Richard III; Baldwin: Richard III. Joana was canonized in 1693.

26. Lamb, citing Harleian MS. 433, states that Elizabeth was proposed as a bride for James FitzGerald, Earl of Desmond (145987). Harley 433 does contain a letter sent in September 1484 by Richard III to the earl, offering to find a suitable bride for Desmond if he ceased conducting himself violently in Munster, adopted English attire, and returned to his allegiance-but Elizabeth is not mentioned. I am indebted to the historian Josephine Wilkinson, who double-checked this for me and confirmed that there is no reference at all to her in connection with Desmond.

27. Cited by Vergil's editor, Dennis Hay, from Vergil's unpublished ma.n.u.script. Buck's editor, A. N. Kincaid, suggests that the reason why this was omitted from Vergil's published history was that it reflected Elizabeth's views on marrying Henry Tudor rather than Richard III, but Vergil wasn't writing in reference to Henry VII, and it is more likely that he left out this pa.s.sage because he knew his master was sensitive about the matter.

28. Reproduced by Kincaid in ”Buck and the Elizabeth of York Letter: A Reply to Dr. Hanham.”

29. Egerton MS. 2216; Bodleian MS. Malone 1; Fisher MS., University of Toronto; Additional MS. 27422 30. For a full discussion of these texts, see A. N. Kincaid, in Buck.

31. Kincaid: ”Buck and the Elizabeth of York Letter: A Reply to Dr. Hanham”; Horrox 32. Buck, ed. Kincaid 33. Ibid.

34. Hicks: Anne Neville 35. Kincaid, in Buck 36. Hervey; Kincaid's edition of Buck; Ricci 37. Kincaid, in Buck 38. Memoir in PPE 39. Gairdner 40. For the debate see Kincaid, in Buck; Horrox; and the articles by Hanham and Kincaid in The Ricardian.

41. See also Okerlund: Elizabeth of York 42. Ashdown-Hill: The Last Days of Richard III; Ashdown-Hill: Richard III's ”Beloved Cousyn”

43. Kincaid: ”Buck and the Elizabeth of York Letter: A Reply to Dr. Hanham”

44. Baldwin: Elizabeth Woodville 45. Baldwin: Richard III 46. For example, by me in The Princes in the Tower, although I have now revised that view in light of further research.

47. Croyland Chronicle 48. Royal MS. 20, A, f. XIX 49. Harleian MS. 49 50. Gristwood 51. Weir: The Princes in the Tower; Visser-Fuchs: ”Where did Elizabeth of York find consolation?”; Baldwin: Lost Prince; Okerlund: Elizabeth of York 52. Vergil 53. Ibid.; Griffiths and Thomas 54. Gristwood 55. Acts of Court of the Mercers' Company 56. York Civic Records; Letters of the Kings of England 57. Croyland Chronicle 6: ”PURPOSING A CONQUEST”

1. Aside from Gairdner, who compared all the versions of the poem, most historians have based their a.s.sessments on Heywood's edition; however, it differs considerably from the earlier texts.

2. Letts 3. Probably a reference to the Clare inheritance, which should have descended to Elizabeth as her father's heiress.

4. Meaning the common people of his affinity.

5. c.o.kayne 6. Leland: Itinerary 7. Ibid.; Todd; Camden. Sheriff Hutton Castle was much decayed by the reign of James I, when it was partially dismantled, and today only the stark ruins of two towers and the gatehouse remain on its gra.s.sy mound.

8. Bacon's work was based on printed sources that are still available today, and on ma.n.u.script sources, such as those in Sir Robert Cotton's library and doc.u.ments in the records office in the Tower of London and the Crown Office. His contemporary, John Selden, praised his work as one of only two histories that contained ”either of the truth or plenty that may be gained from the records of this kingdom” (cited by Vickers in his edition of Bacon).

9. According to a near-contemporary pedigree roll drawn up for the family of Margaret of Clarence, Warwick's sister; see Philip Morgan: ”Those were the days: a Yorkist pedigree roll,” in Estrangement, Enterprise and Education in Fifteenth-Century England; Jones: Psychology of a Battle: Bosworth, 1485.

10. Original Letters Ill.u.s.trative of English History 11. Croyland Chronicle 12. Ibid.

13. Ross: Wars of the Roses 14. Ibid.

15. Croyland Chronicle 16. Most writers follow Kendall: Richard the Third, although he cites no source for this date.

17. Croyland Chronicle 18. Ibid.

19. Hall 20. Vergil 21. Croyland Chronicle 22. Ibid.

23. Ibid.; Vergil 24. Vergil is the only source to state it was Lord Stanley who retrieved the crown; the Great Chronicle of London states that it was Sir William Stanley. After Sir William's execution for treason in 1495, Vergil may have deemed it politic to a.s.sert that it was his brother.

25. Vergil; Hall 26. Vergil 27. Harleian MS. 542 28. Croyland Chronicle 29. Rous 30. HVIIPPE.

31. Ashdown-Hill: The Fate of Richard III's Body; Pidgeon; Baldwin: King Richard's Grave in Leicester; Billson 32. Bacon; Francis Drake, in Eborac.u.m, says that Halewell is mentioned in one of the warrants.

33. Vergil 34. Bacon 35. Vergil 36. Bacon 37. Ibid.

38. Laynesmith 39. Warrant of February 24, 1486, in Exchequer Records E.404/79 40. G.o.dfrey and Wagner; Kingsford: ”Historical Notes on Mediaeval London Houses.” Coldharbour was burned down in 1666 during the Great Fire of London.

7: ”OUR BRIDAL TORCH”

1. Chrimes; Professor Eric Ives, in conversation with the author, May 2012.

2. Calendar of Papal Registers. Henry's great-grandfather, John Beaufort, was the brother of Elizabeth's great-grandmother, Joan Beaufort.

3. Hicks: Anne Neville; Peter Clarke: ”English Royal Marriages and the Papal Penitentiary in the Fifteenth Century”

4. Rastell 5. Rotuli Parliamentorum 6. Bacon 7. Ross: Wars of the Roses 8. Rotuli Parliamentorum 9. Bacon 10. CSP Spain 11. Vergil 12. Hall 13. Gristwood; Jones and Underwood 14. Calendar of Papal Registers 15. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh 16. Rutland Papers 17. Fisher: Funeral Sermon 18. Croyland Chronicle 19. Rotuli Parliamentorum 20. CSP Spain 21. Buck 22. Rotuli Parliamentorum 23. Anglo: Spectacle, Pageantry and Early Tudor Policy 24. In his dispensation of 1486 (Foedera)-see Chapter 9.

25. Leland: Collectanea 26. Popular Songs of Ireland 27. Mancini 28. Bacon 29. Ibid.

30. Rotuli Parliamentorum 31. Dockray: Richard III: Myth and Reality 32. Bacon 33. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry the Seventh 34. Rotuli Parliamentorum 35. Vergil 36. Hall 37. Challis; Anglo: Images of Tudor Kings.h.i.+p 38. Mackie 39. Bacon 40. Calendar of Papal Registers 41. Weightman; Vaughan; Wiesflacker 42. Harleian MS. 336, in Leland: Collectanea. Gigli was rewarded with a prebendary stall in York; he would serve Henry VII as amba.s.sador to Rome and become Bishop of Worcester (Tournoy-Thouen; Dixon).

43. Calendar of Papal Registers, January 1486 44. PPE.

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