Part 13 (1/2)
69. Paston Letters 70. The Politics of Fifteenth-Century England; Scofield: ”Elizabeth Wydeville in the Sanctuary at Westminster”
71. Hall 72. Warkworth 73. These details are recorded in a letter written by Edward IV to the Lord Privy Seal in 1473; Additional MS. 4614, f. 222 74. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward IV 75. Croyland Chronicle 76. Commines 77. Croyland Chronicle 78. Arrivall 79. Recovery of the Throne, Royal MSS.; Political Poems and Songs 80. Arrivall 81. Ibid.
82. Political Poems and Songs 83. Foedera 84. Arrivall 85. Ibid.
86. Ibid.
87. Hall, corroborated by the ill.u.s.trated version of the Arrivall, dating from 1471.
88. Croyland Chronicle 89. Ibid.
90. Mancini 91. Arrivall 92. Croyland Chronicle 93. Holinshed 94. He hastened to make peace with Edward IV, but in September was arrested and beheaded.
95. Croyland Chronicle 96. Warkworth 97. Arrivall 98. Warkworth 99. Archaeologia 100. CSP Milan 101. Great Chronicle of London 102. Croyland Chronicle 103. Cotton MS. Julius B, XII, 317; Letters of Royal and Ill.u.s.trious Ladies 104. Rotuli Parliamentorum 105. Vergil 106. Andre 2: ”MADAME LA DAUPHINE”
1. Mancini 2. Commines 3. Mancini 4. Croyland Chronicle 5. More 6. Ibid.
7. Mancini 8. CSP Milan 9. Mancini 10. Ibid.
11. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward IV, 146777 12. HVIIPPE.
13. Cotton MSS. Vespasian, f. XIII 14. Pietro Carmeliano, cited in Anglo: Spectacle, Pageantry and Early Tudor Policy 15. An example is in Cotton MSS. Vespasian, f. III, p. 15, and probably comes from a book Cecily owned.
16. CSP Spain 17. CSP Venice; CSP Milan 18. Collection of Ordinances 19. In 1477 priests holding fellows.h.i.+ps at Queens' College, Cambridge, were instructed to offer daily prayers for ”our sovereign lady, Queen Elizabeth, foundress of the College, the Prince, and all the King's childer.” The college was founded by Andrew Dockett, a local rector, in 1446. Margaret of Anjou had become its patron in 1448.
20. Sutton and Visscher-Fuchs: ”A 'Most Benevolent Queen' ”; Women and the Book 21. Stonyhurst MS. 37; Tudor-Craig 22. Royal MS. 14, EIII; Wilkins; McKendrick, Lowden and Doyle 23. Garrett MS. 168; Quaritch; Okerlund: Elizabeth of York 24. Hinde 25. Paston Letters; Additional MS. 6113 26. Croyland Chronicle 27. Only some masonry and the vaulted undercroft, which housed the domestic offices, survives of Edward III's palace.
28. Hedley 29. ”Narratives of the Arrival of Louis of Bruges”; Kingsford: English Historical Literature in the Fifteenth Century 30. Green 31. Brigden 32. Mancini 33. Rous 34. More 35. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward IV, 146777; B.L. Additional MS. 14289, f. 12; Lowe 36. Shears 37. Hicks: Edward V; Exchequer Records E.101/412/9-11; Harleian MS. 158, ff. 119v, 120v; Additional MS. 6113, ff. 9798v, 11112 38. Foedera 39. Commines; Foedera 40. Commines 41. Cotton MSS.
42. Commines 43. Additional MS. 6113 44. Calendar of Close Rolls: Edward IV. This infant was possibly named for her aunt, Anne of York, d.u.c.h.ess of Exeter, or for her great-grandmother, Anne Mortimer, Countess of Cambridge, through whom the House of York claimed its senior descent from Edward III. Edward IV also professed a special devotion to St. Anne, mother of the Virgin Mary.
45. c.o.kayne 46. Leland: Itinerary 47. Croyland Chronicle 48. A detailed account of the proceedings by Thomas Whiting, Chester Herald, is in Excerpta Historica. See also Sutton and Visscher-Fuchs: Reburial 49. At the Reformation the college was dissolved and half the church dismantled. Visiting the ruined choir in 1573, Elizabeth I was appalled to see that the tombs were much decayed, and ordered that new Renaissance-style monuments be built in the church to house the remains of Edward, Duke of York; Richard, Duke of York; Cecily Neville (who had been buried at Fotheringhay in 1495); and Edmund, Earl of Rutland. These are the sepulchres that can be seen today in the sanctuary. The once splendid castle where Mary, Queen of Scots, was executed in 1587, was pulled down in 1627, and all that remain are the twelfth-century earthworks, and a fragment of masonry.
50. Plowden: Tudor Women. Holinshed, writing of Edward's later plan of 1483 to marry Elizabeth to Henry Tudor, states the marriage had been suggested some years earlier, but Elizabeth was betrothed to the Dauphin at the time.
51. Andre 52. Commines 53. CSP Milan 54. He was born at Windsor-Edward IV refers to him as ”our son, George of Windsor” (Calendar of Close Rolls: Edward IV)-not, as is sometimes stated, at the Dominican friary in Shrewsbury where his brother Richard had been born. The first mention of him is in a doc.u.ment of July 6, 1477, appointing him Lieutenant of Ireland.
55. Calendar of Close Rolls: Edward IV 56. The Register of the Most n.o.ble Order of the Garter 57. Hedley 58. Croyland Chronicle 59. Ibid.
60. Anne Mowbray was reburied in the Poor Clares' convent at Stepney. Her coffin was found during excavations in 1965, and after examination her remains were reburied later that year as close as possible to her original burial place in Westminster Abbey. A photograph of her remarkably preserved hair is in the Museum of London.
61. The Narrative of the Marriage of Richard, Duke of York; Ill.u.s.trations of Ancient State and Chivalry 62. Rotuli Parliamentorum 63. Mancini 64. Hicks: False, Fleeting, Perjur'd Clarence 65. Mancini; Great Chronicle of London; Commines, Molinet, Roye, Vergil; Stow: Annals 66. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward IV, 146777 67. Wardrobe Accounts of Edward the Fourth, in PPE 68. Hicks: False, Fleeting, Perjur'd Clarence 69. Cited Jones: Psychology of a Battle: Bosworth, 1485 70. Westervelt; Hicks: Richard III; Hicks: False, Fleeting, Perjur'd Clarence; Crawford: The Yorkists 71. Croyland Chronicle; Vergil; More 72. Vergil 73. Ibid.
74. Ross: Edward IV 75. Calendar of Close Rolls: Edward IV 76. Ibid.
77. CSP Milan 78. CSP Venice 79. Harleian MS. 336, in Leland: Collectanea 80. Warner 81. Harleian MS. 336, in Leland: Collectanea 82. Harleian MS. 4780 83. Green; Platt 84. Account of Garter King of Arms, in Additional MS. 6113, ff. 49, 7474v; PPE 85. Foedera 86. Hall 87. Foedera 88. College of Arms MS. I, 11, f.21r-v; Sandford.
89. Jones, in Women of the Cousins' Wars; Andre 90. Rous 91. Foedera 92. Kendall: Louis XI 93. Croyland Chronicle 94. Wardrobe Accounts of Edward the Fourth, in PPE 95. Croyland Chronicle 96. Ibid.
3: ”THIS ACT OF USURPATION”
1. More 2. Croyland Chronicle 3. Vergil 4. Commines 5. Excerpta Historica 6. McKelvey 7. Calendar of Papal Registers 8. Cotton MS. Cleopatra 9. Mancini; Vergil 10. Mancini 11. Croyland Chronicle; Mancini 12. Mancini 13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Vergil 16. Mancini 17. Ibid.
18. More 19. Mancini 20. Dockray: Richard III: A Source Book 21. Crawford: The Yorkists 22. Mancini 23. Vergil 24. Croyland Chronicle 25. Shears 26. Mancini 27. More 28. Mancini 29. More 30. Mancini 31. Fabyan 32. Croyland Chronicle; Great Chronicle of London; Fabyan; More; Vergil 33. Vergil 34. More; Hall 35. Antiquarian Repertory 36. Hall 37. More 38. Stonor Letters 39. Mancini 40. More; Hall. More relates a detailed conversation between the Queen and the Archbishop, but he almost certainly invented the speeches, basing them on what he knew had pa.s.sed between them. This was a common practice in historical writing at that time.
41. More 42. Mancini 43. Andre 44. Rous 45. Croyland Chronicle 46. Registrum Thome Bourgchier 47. Paston Letters; McSheffrey 48. Warkworth 49. This Sir John Mortimer married, after 1485, Margaret, daughter of John Neville, Viscount Montagu, and sister of the George Neville, who had at one time been affianced to Elizabeth; Margaret Neville later married Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk.
50. Tudor-Craig; Catalogue of Western Ma.n.u.scripts and Miniatures. The ma.n.u.script was in the collection of Colonel Bradfer-Lawrence, but was sold at Sotheby's in 1983.
51. Croyland Chronicle 52. Guildhall MSS.
53. York Civic Records 54. Croyland Chronicle 55. Ibid.
56. Mancini 57. Ibid.; Croyland Chronicle 58. Fabyan 59. Andre 60. Mancini 61. Buck, ed. Kincaid; Kendall: Richard the Third; Black; Edwards: ”The 'Second' Continuation of the Crowland Chronicle”
62. Mancini 63. Croyland Chronicle 64. Commines 65. Okerlund: Elizabeth Wydeville 66. Ashdown-Hill: ”The Fate of Edward IV's Uncrowned Queen, the Lady Eleanor Talbot, Lady Butler”; Hampton; Mowat; Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward IV, 146777; Rotuli Parliamentorum; Okerlund: Elizabeth Wydeville; Okerlund: Elizabeth of York. Ashdown-Hill argues that the story was true and that Edward did make a valid marriage with Eleanor Butler.
67. Helmholz. I am grateful to Professor Anthony Goodman for sending me this reference.
68. Croyland Chronicle 69. Ashdown-Hill: Eleanor, the Secret Queen 70. The Croyland Chronicle is the only source correctly to report Edward's supposed precontract with Eleanor Butler.
71. Crawford: The Yorkists 72. Arrivall 73. Excerpta Historica 74. Hicks: Robert Stillington 75. Mancini 76. Fabyan 77. Mancini 78. Rous 79. Fabyan 80. Croyland Chronicle 81. Ibid.
82. Mancini 83. Croyland Chronicle 84. Loades: The Tudors 85. Myers: ”The Princes in the Tower”
86. Brigden 4: ”THE WHOLE DESIGN OF THIS PLOT”
1. Croyland Chronicle 2. Ibid.
3. Cely Letters; Smyth 4. Croyland Chronicle 5. Ibid.
6. Dockray: Richard III: A Source Book 7. More 8. Mancini 9. More 10. Rawcliffe, citing D. 1721/1/11, f. 59, Staffords.h.i.+re Record Office 11. Ross: Richard III 12. Rotuli Parliamentorum 13. Croyland Chronicle 14. The matter is discussed extensively, and the sources evaluated, in my book The Princes in the Tower (1992); although my conclusions are substantially the same, I have revised some aspects in this book.
15. More; Great Chronicle of London; Vergil. For a balanced, academic view, see Hicks: Edward V, who points out that three sources are usually sufficient evidence for academic historians. For More's sources, see The Princes in the Tower.
16. The basis of the British Library.
17. For a full discussion of Buck's sources, see A. N. Kincaid's edition of his work.
18. Cited by Kincaid, in his edition of Buck.
19. Chambers; Markham 20. Hicks: Edward V 21. Ibid.
22. Cotton MS. Vitellius A XVI 23. Croyland Chronicle 24. Rowse: Bosworth Field 25. Hall 26. Jones, in Women of the Cousins' Wars 27. Vergil 28. Calendar of Papal Registers 29. Vergil 30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.