Part 16 (2/2)

[205] The pilgrie revenue, derived from the sale of medals which orn as amulets, the fees for s of the pilgrie part of this revenue accrued to the bishop of the diocese, though the popes never overlooked the profits which the sale of indulgences or worshi+p at these shrines could produce In the _Gravamina_ of 1521 complaint is made that the bishops des e (Wrede, _op cit_, II, 687)

[206] i e, Every bishop

[207] The possession of a saint gave a church a certain reputation and distinction, which was sufficiently coveted toto pay roundly for the canonisation of a departed bishop or other local dignitary Cf Hutten's _Vadiscus_ (Bocking, IV, 232)

[208] Archbishop of Florence (died 1450) He was canonised, May 31, 1523, by Pope Hadrian VI When Luther wrote this the process of canonisation had already begun

[209] _Indulta_, i e, grants of special privilege

[210] ”Lead,” the leaden seal attached to the bull; ”hide”, the parch,” the ribbon or silken cord fro the cord to the parchustinians, Carmelites and Servites

[212] _Botschaten_, interpreted by _Benrath_ (p 105), Clemen (I, 406, note) and Weimar Ed (VI, 406, note 1) as a reference to the _stationarii_ They andering beggars who, for an alms, would enroll the contributor in the list of beneficiaries of their patron saint, an alleged insurance against disease, accident, etc They were classified according to the names of their patron saints, St Anthony, St Hubert, St Valentine, etc Protests against their operations were raised at the Diets of Wor (1523) Included in these protests are the _terminarii_, ie, the collectors of alms sent out by the mendicant orders See Wrede, _op cit_, II, 678, 688, III, 651, and Benrath, loc cit

[213] _Wallbruder_, the professional pilgririe to another and subsisted on the alms of the faithful

[214] i e, If the plan above proposed were adopted

[215] See above, p 129, note 1

[216] See _Treatise on the New Testament_, Vol I, pp 308 ff

[217] In the _Babylonian Captivity_ (below, pp 291 f) Luther definitely excludes penance from the number of sacraments, but see also p 177

[218] The sodalities (”fraternities,” ”confraternities”), still an important institution in the Roman Church, flourished especially in the XVI Century They are associations for devotional purposes The ated to the recitation of certain prayers and the attendance upon certain masses at stipulated times By virtue of membershi+p in the association eachfroood works” of all the members In the case of most of the sodalities membershi+p entitled the ences In 1520 Wittenberg boasted of 20 such fraternities, Cologne of 80, Haenhard Peffinger, of Wittenberg, was a member of 8 such fraternities in his home city, and of 27 in other places For Luther's view of the sodalities see above, pp 8, 26 ff On the whole subject see Benrath, pp 106 f; Kolde in _Realencyk_, III, pp 434 ff; Lea, _Hist of Conf and Indulg_, III, pp 470 ff

[219] See above, p 98, note 2

[220] See above, p 128, note 5

[221] The excesses coious societies were often a public scandal See Lea, _Hist, of Conf and Indulg_, III, pp 437 ff

[222] ”Faculties” were extraordinary powers, usually for the granting of indulgences and of absolution in ”reserved cases” (see above, p

105, note 3) They were bestowed by the pope and could be revoked by hiiven to local Church officials, but were usually held by the legates or commissaries sent from Rome

Co (1523) that the papal coates interfered with the ordinary methods of ecclesiastical jurisdiction and appointment See Weede, _op cit_, II, 673, III, 653

[223] Wladislav I forced the Sultan to sue for peace in 1443 At the instigation of the papal legate, Cardinal Caesarini, who represented that the treaty had not been approved by the pope, and absolved the king from the fulfilment of its conditions, he renewed the war in 1444 At the battle of Varna, Nov 10th, 1444, the Hungarians were decisively defeated, and Wladislav and Caesarini both killed See Creighton, _Hist of the Papacy_, III, 67

[224] John Hus and Jeroue were convicted of heresy by the Council of Constance and burned at the stake, the former July 6th, 1415, the latter May 30th, 1416 Hus had coismund Luther is in error when he assumes that Jerome had a similar safe-conduct In September, 1415, the Council passed a decree which asserted that ”neither by natural, divine or human laas any promise to be observed to the prejudice of the catholic faith” On the whole matter of the safe-conduct and its violation see Lea, _Hist of the Inquisition in the MA_, II, pp 453 ff

[225] The League of Caainst Venice In 1510 Venice made terms with the pope and detached him from the alliance, and the result ar between the pope and the King of France See Cae _Modern History_, I, pp 130 ii, and literature there cited

[226] i e The Hussites After theorganisation in Bohemia, and resisted with arms all attempts to force them into conformity with the Roman Church The Council of Basel succeeded (1434) in reconciling thethe Bohe the administration of the cup to the laity The more extreme party, however, refused to subscribe the _Coh they soon ceased to be a actor in the political situation, they res of Hus in sectarian organisations The most important of these, the so-called Bohemian Brethren, had extended into Poland and Prussia before Luther's time

See _Realencyk_, Ill, 465-467

[227] See above, p 140, note 1