Part 13 (1/2)

[46] The complaint that the cardinals were provided with incooes back to the Council of Constance (1415) C Benrath, p 87, note 17

[47] The creation of new cardinals was a lucrative proceeding for the popes On July 31, 1517, Leo X created thirty-one cardinals, and is said to have received from the new appointees about 300,000 ducats

Needless to say, the cardinals expected to s See _Weimar Ed_, VI, 417, note I, and Pastor, _Gesch der Papste_ IV, I, 137 C Hutten's _Vadiscus_ (Bocking IV, 188)

[48] The fa

[49] The proposal enerous It suggested a salary of three to four thousand gulden

[50] As early as the XIV Century both England and France had enacted laws prohibiting the very practices of which Luther here complains It should be noted, however, that these laere enforced only occasionally, and never very strictly

[51] The papal court or curia consisted of all the officials of various sorts ere e those ere in immediate attendance upon the person of the pope, the so-called ”papal family” On the number of such officials in the XVI Century, see Benrath, p 88, note 18, where reference is made to 949 offices, exclusive of those which had to do with the administration of the city of Ro the members of the pope's ”family” The _Gravamina_ of 1521 complain that the increase of these offices in recent years has added greatly to the financial burdens of the Gersakten unter Kaiser Karl V_, II, 675)

[52] On the annates, see Vol I, p 383, note 1 Early in their history, which dates fro of the XIV Century, the annates (_fructus medii temporis_) had become a fixed tax on all Church offices which fell vacant, and the complaint of extortion in their appraisement and collection was frequently raised The Council of Constance restricted the obligation to bishoprics and abbacies, and such other benefices as had a yearly incoulden

The Council of Basel (1430) resolved to abolish them entirely, but the resolution of the Council was inoperative, and in the Concordat of Vienna (1448) the Gerreed to abide by the decision of Constance On the use of the term ”annates” to include other payments to the curia, especially the _servitia_, see Catholic Encyclopedia, I, pp 537 f

Luther here alleges that the annates are not applied to their ostensible purpose, viz, the Crusade This charge is repeated in the _Gravamina_ of the German Nation presented to the Diet of Woration that the amount demanded in the way of annates has sakten unter Kaiser Karl V_, II, pp 675 f) Si (1518), and were repeated at the Diet of Nurnberg (Wrede, _op cit_, III, 660)

Hutten calls the annates ”a good at robbery” (_Ed_ Bocking, IV, 207)

In England the annates were abolished by Act of Parliaences, see Vol I, p 18

[54] i e, As was done by the Council of Basel See above, p 84, note i

[55] The canons are the clergy attached to a cathedral church who constituted the ”chapter” of that cathedral, and to whoed

[56] This whole section deals with the abuse of the ”right of reservation,” i e, the alleged right of the pope to appoint directly to vacant church positions According to papal theory the right of appointraciously yielded the right to others under certain circu it to hi the appointinally an arbitrary exercise of papal authority The rules which caarded as limitations upon the authority of the pope, The rule of the ”papal months,” as it obtained in Germany in Luther's time, is found in the Concordat of Vienna of 1448 (Mirbt, _Quellen_, 2d ed, No 261, pp 167 f) It provides that livings, with the exception of the higher dignities in the cathedrals and the chief posts in the monasteries, which all vacant in the ust, October and December, shall be filled by the ordinary method--election, presentation, appoint in the other months shall be filled by appointment of the pope

[57] i e, Church offices which carried with theave their possessors a certain honorary precedence over other officials of the Church See Meyer in _Realencyk_, IV, 658

[58] Charles V, though elected emperor, was not crowned until October 22d

[59] i e, A living which has not hitherto been filled by papal appointment

[60] This rule, like that of the ”papal months,” is found in the Concordat of Vienna Luther's complaint is reiterated in the _Gravasakten_, etc, II, 673)

[61] _Des Papstes und der Cardinale Gesinde_, i e, all those ere counted members of the ”family” or ”household” (called _Dienstverwandte_ in the Gravamina of 1521) of the pope or of any of the cardinals The term included those ere in immediate attendance upon the pope or the cardinals, and all those to whom, by virtue of any special connection with the curia, the name ”papal servant” could be made to apply These are the ”courtesans” to whom Luther afterwards refers

[62] In 1513 Albrecht of Brandenburg wasand later in the same year Administrator of Halberstadt; in 1514 he became Archbishop of Mainz as well In 1518 he was made cardinal

[63] This rule, like the others mentioned above, is contained in the Concordat of Vienna

[64] Cf The _Grava der cordissanen_ (see above, p 88, note 3), where the na titles to benefices (Wrede, _op

cit_, II, pp 677 f)

[65] The _pallium_ is a woolen shoulder-cape which is the emblem of the archbishop's office, and which must be secured from Rome The bestowal of the _palliuory I (590-604) mentions it as _prisca consuetudo_ (_Dist_, Cc