Part 12 (1/2)

[1] _Unserm furnchmen nach_ See Introduction, p 57

[2] An ironical coear of the jester

[3] i e, Which one turns out to be the real fool

[4] The proverb ran, _Monachus semper praesens_, ”a monk is always there” See Wander, _Deutsches Sprichworterlexicon_, under Monch, No

130

[5] Evidently a reference to the _Gravamina of the German Nation_; see Gebhardt, _Die Grav der Deutschen Nation_, Breslau, 1895

[6] Councils of the Church, especially those of Constance (1414-18), and of Basel (1431-39)

[7] Charles V was elected Ee Hutten expresses his ”hopes of good” fro, IV, 156)

[8] Frederick Barbarossa (1152-1100)

[9] Frederick II (1212-1250), grandson of Barbarossa and last of the great Hohenstaufen Emperors He died under excommunication

[10] Pope Julius II (1503-1513) Notorious a the popes for his unscrupulous pursuit of political power, he was continually involved in ith one and another of the European powers over the possession of territories in Italy

[11] Luther's recollection of the figures was faulty

[12] The term ”Romanist” is applied by Luther to the champions of the extreme form of papal supremacy C Vol I, p 343 f

[13] i e, The three rods for the punishhosts” The gist of the sentence is, ”the Rohost-stories”

[15] _Olegotze_--”an ie anointed with holy oil to make it sacred”; in modern German, ”a blockhead”

[16] Lay-baptism in view of imminent death is a practice as old as the Christian Church The right of the laity to adnized by the Council of Elvira, in the year 306, and the decree of that Council becaht of the laity to give absolution in such cases rests on the principle that in the absence of the appointed official of the Church any Christian can do for any other Christian the things that are absolutely necessary or salvation, for ”necessity knows no law”

Cf Vol I, p 30, note 2

[17] The canon law, called by Luther throughout this treatise and elsewhere, the ”spiritual law,” is a general name for the decrees of councils (”canons” in the strict sense) and decisions of the popes (”decretals,” ”constitutions,” etc), proated by authority of the popes, and collected in the so-called _Corpus juris canonici_ It coal forms the mediaeval theory of papal absolutism, which accounts for the bitterness hich Luther speaks of it, especially in this treatise The Corpus includes the following collections of canons and decretals: The _Decretum of Gratian_ (1142), the _Liber Extra_ (1234), the _Liber sextus_ (1298), the _Constitutiones Cleantes_ ,--the _Extravagantes of John XXII_, and the _Extravagantes communes_ The last pope whose decrees are included is Sixtus IV (died 1484) See _Catholic Encyclop_,IV, pp 391 ff

[18] Augustine, the ian of the Ancient Church, bishop of Hippo in Africa from 395-430

[19] Ambrose, bishop of Milan from 374-397, had not yet been baptised at the time of his election to the episcopate, which was forced upon him by the unanimous voice of the people of the city

[20] Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, 247-258, is said to have consented to accept the office only when the congregation surrounded his house and besought him to yield to their entreaties

[21] _Was ausz der Tauff krochen ist_

[22] The _character indelebilis_, or ”indelible mark,” received authoritative state up the Decrees of the Council of Florence, says: ”A these sacraments there are three--baptism, confirmation, and orders--which indelibly impress upon the soul a character, i e, a certain spiritual uishes them from the rest” (Mirbt, _Quellen_, 2d ed, No 150) The Council of Trent in its XXIII

Session, July 15, 1563 (Mirbt, No 312), defined the correct Ro as follows: ”Since in the sacrament of orders, as in baptism and confirmation, a character is impressed which cannot be destroyed or taken away, the Holy Synod justly condemns the opinion of those who assert that the priests of the New Testahtly ordained can again be made laymen, if they do not exercise the ministry of the Word of God”

[23] i e, They are all Christians, a whom there can be no essential difference

[24] The sharp distinction which the Roy and laity found practical application in the contention that the clergy should be exempt from the jurisdiction of the civil courts, This is the so-called _privilegiuy” It was further claiy and the administration of Church property must be entirely in the hands of the Church authorities, and that no lay rulers ht either make or enforce lahich in any way affected the Church See Lea, _Studies in Church History_, 169-219 and _Prot Realencyk_, VI, 594