Part 184 (1/2)
V _Synecdoche_, (that is, _Co of a part for the whole, or of the whole for a part; as, (1) ”This _roof_ [ie, house]
protects you” (2) ”Now the _year_ [ie, summer] is beautiful” (3) ”A _sail_ [ie, a shi+p or vessel] passed at a distance” (4) ”Give us this day our daily _bread_;” ie, food (5) ”Because they have taken away _my Lord_, [ie, the body of Jesus,] and I know not where they have laid him”--_John_ (6) ”The same day there were added unto them about three thousand _souls_;” ie, persons--_Acts_ (7) ”There went out a decree froustus, that all _the world_ [ie, the Roman empire] should be taxed”--_Luke_, ii, 1
VI _Hyperbole_ is extravagant exaggeration, in which the ied beyond the sobriety of truth; as, ”My little finger _shall be thicker_ than my father's loins”--_2 Chron_, x, 10 ”When I washed my _steps with butter_, and the rock poured me out _rivers of oil_”--_Job_, xxix, 6
”The sky _shrunk upith unusual dread_, And tre Tiber _div'd beneath his bed_”--_Dryden_
VII _Vision_, or _Iure by which the speaker represents the objects of his iination, as actually before his eyes, and present to his senses; as,
”I see the dagger-crest of Mar!
I see the Moray's silver star Wave o'er the cloud of Saxon war, That up the lake co far!”--_Scott, L L_, vi, 15
VIII _Apostrophe_ is a turning froular course of the subject, into an animated address; as, ”Death is sed up in victory O Death!
where is thy sting? O Grave! where is thy victory?”--_1 Cor_, xv, 55
IX _Personification_ is a figure by which, in ience and personality to unintelligent beings or abstract qualities; as,
1 ”The _Worht eloquent”--_Cowper_
2 ”Lo, steel-clad _War_ his gorgeous standard rears!”--_Rogers_
3 ”Hark! _Truth_ proclaiure in which the speaker adopts the foreneral, confidently to assert the reverse of what is asked; as, ”Hast thou an arm like God? or canst thou thunder with a voice like him?”--_Job_, xl, 9 ”He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? he that formed the eye, shall he not see?”--_Psalms_, xciv, 9
XI _Ecphonesis_ is a pathetic excla some violent ehtful to every Roe of Roman citizenshi+p!--once sacred--now tras like a dove! for then would I fly away, and be at rest”--_Psals in opposition, to heighten their effect by contrast; as, ”I will talk of things _heavenly_, or things _earthly_; things _s _profane_; things _past_, or things _to cos s _circumstantial_; provided that all be done to our profit”--_Bunyan, P P_, p 90
”Contrasted faults through all his h _sub_; _zealous_, yet _untrue_; And e'en _in penance, planning sins_ anew”--_Goldsure in which the sense is radually to what is , or to descend to what is iving all diligence, add to your faith, virtue; and to virtue, knowledge; and to knowledge, temperance; and to temperance, patience; and to patience, Godliness; and to Godliness, brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness, charity”--_2 Peter_, i, 5
XIV _Irony_ is a figure in which the speaker sneeringly utters the direct reverse of what he intends shall be understood; as, ”We have, to be sure, great reason to believe the modest man would not ask him for a debt, when he pursues his life”--_Cicero_ ”No doubt but ye are the people, and wisdom shall die with you”--_Job_, xii, 2 ”They_very much_, when they see its professors used with such little ceremony!”--_Goldsmith's Essays_, p 150
XV _Apophasis_, or _Paralipsis_,[482] is a figure in which the speaker or writer pretends to omit what at the same time he really mentions; as, ”I Paul have written it with mine own hand, I will repay it; albeit _I do not say to thee_, how thou owest unto me even thine own self besides”--_Philemon_, 19
XVI _Onomatopoeia_ is the use of a word, phrase, or sentence, the sound of which resenified or spoken of: as, ”Of a knocking at the door, _Rat a tat tat_”--J W GIBBS: _in Fowler's Grao the bells, _Ding-dong! ding-dong_!”--_H K White_
”Bo _n_ The loud bark of a dog _Booth_”--_Worcester's Dict_ This is often written separately; as, ”_Bo_”--_Fowler's Gram_, p 334
The imitation is better with three sounds: ”_Bo_” The following verses have been said to exhibit this figure:
”But when loud surges lash the sounding shore, The hoarse rough verse should like the torrent roar”