Part 90 (1/2)
I have ruined my friend,' 'Alas! I fear for life,' _which words_ here appear to be thrown in _between the sentences_, to express passion or feeling? Ans _Oh! Alas!_ Q What does _interjection_ ive such words as _oh! alas! &c_?
Ans INTERJECTIONS Q What, then, are interjections? Ans Interjections are words thrown in _between the parts of sentences_, to express the passions or sudden feelings of the speaker Q How _ an exclamation _point_ after it: [as,] '_Oh!_ I have alienated my friend'”--_R C Smith's New Graives, in his exa can be more obvious, than that not more than one of the whole fifteen stands either ”between sentences” or between the parts of any sentence! (See _New Grara of _between_; or who, knowing it, misapplies so very plain a word?
OBS 4--The Interjection, which is idly claimed by sundry writers to have been the first of words at the origin of language, is now very constantly set down, a the parts of speech, as the last of the series But, for the narammarians have adopted the term _exclamation_ Of the old and usual term _interjection_, a recent writer justly says, ”This name is preferable to that of _exclamation_, for some exclamations are not interjections, and some interjections are not exclamations”--GIBBS: _Fowler's E Gram_, --333
LIST OF THE INTERJECTIONS
The following are the principal interjections, arranged according to the eenerally intended to indicate:--1 Of joy; _eigh!
hey! io!_--2 Of sorrow; _oh! ah! hoo! alas! alack! lackaday! welladay!_ or _ay!_--3 Of wonder; _heigh! ha! strange! indeed!_--4 Of wishi+ng, earnestness, or vocative address; (often with a noun or pronoun in the noood! bravo!_--6 Of surprise with disapproval; _! hoity-toity! hoida! zounds! what!_--7 Of pain or fear; _oh! ooh! ah! eh! O dear!_--8 Of conteh!
poh! pshaw! pish!+ tush!+ tut! huh! fie! fy!
foy!_[318]--10 Of expulsion; _out! off! shoo! ! begone! avaunt!
aroynt!_--11 Of calling aloud; _ho! soho! what-ho! hollo! holla! hallo!
halloo! hoy! ahoy!_--12 Of exultation; _ah! aha! huzza! hey! heyday!
hurrah!_--13 Of laughter; _ha, ha, ha; he, he, he; te-hee, te-hee_--14
Of salutation; _welco to attention; _ho! lo! la! law![319] look! see! behold! hark!_--16 Of calling to silence; _hush!+ hist! whist! 'st! aw! mum!_--17 Of dread or horror; _oh!
ha! hah! what!_--18 Of languor or weariness; _heigh-ho!
heigh-ho-hu; _hold! soft! avast! whoh!_--20 Of parting; _farewell! adieu! good-by! good-day!_--21 Of knowing or detecting; _oho! ahah! ay-ay!_--22 Of interrogating; _eh? ha? hey?_[320]
OBSERVATIONS
OBS 1--With the interjections, ee_, the i cattle; and other similar sounds, useful under certain circumstances, but seldo, there are several others, too often heard, which are unworthy to be considered parts of a cultivated language The frequent use of interjections savours htlessness than of sensibility Philosophical writing and dispassionate discourse exclude theether Yet are there several words of this kind, which in earnest utterance, animated poetry, or ily expressive: as, ”Lift up thy voice, _O_ daughter of Gallim; cause it to be heard unto Laish, _O_ poor Anathoth”--_Isaiah_, x, 30 ”_Alas, alas_, that great city Babylon, that ement come”--_Rev_, xviii, 10
”_Ah me!_ forbear, returns the queen, forbear; _Oh!_ talk not, talk not of vain beauty's care”
--_Odyssey_, B xviii, l 310
OBS 2--Interjections, being in general little else than mere natural voices or cries, must of course be adapted to the sentiments which are uttered with them, and never carelessly confounded one with an other e express them on paper The adverb _ay_ is sometimes improperly written for the interjection _ah_; as, _ay me!_ for _ah me!_ and still oftener we find _oh_, an interjection of sorrow, pain, or surprise,[321] written in stead of _O_, the proper sign of wishi+ng, earnestness, or vocative address: as,
”_Oh_ Happiness! our being's end and aim!”
--_Pope, Ess Ep_ iv, l 1
”And peace, _oh_ Virtue! peace is all thy own”
--_Id, ib, Ep_ iv, l 82
”_Oh_ stay, O pride of Greece! Ulysses, stay!
O cease thy course, and listen to our lay!”
--_Odys_, B xii, 1 222
OBS 3--The chief characteristics of the interjection are independence, exclanification Yet not all the words or signs which we refer to this class, will be found to coincide in all these marks of an interjection Indeed the last, (the want of a rational e; for _words_ rammarians deny that mere sounds of the voice have anythe parts of speech, than the neighing of a horse, or the lowing of a cow
There is some reason in this; but in fact the reference which these sounds have to the feelings of those who utter them, is to some extent instinctively understood; and does constitute a sort of significance, though we cannot really define it And, as their use in language, or in connexion with language, rammar, it is certainly more proper to treat therammarians, most of whom throw all the interjections into the class of _adverbs_
OBS 4--Significant words uttered independently, after the eneral, perhaps, to be referred to their original classes; for all such expressions entlemen, _order!_” ie, ”Come to order,”--or, ”Keep order” ”_Silence!_”