Part 9 (1/2)

[32--] Cavo, _Los Tres Siglos_, etc., Tom. ii, p. 82. On the use and significance of the _piochtli_ we have some information in Vetancurt, _Teatro Mexicano_, Tom. ii, p. 464, and de la Serna, _Manual de Ministros_, pp. 166, 167. It was the badge of a certain order of the native priesthood.

[33-*] _Adventures on the Musquito Sh.o.r.e_, by S. A. Ward, pseudonym of Mr. Squier, p. 258 (New York, 1855).

[33-] Nunez de la Vega, _Const.i.tuciones Diocesanas_, p. 10, and comp.

Bra.s.seur de Bourbourg, _Hist. des Nat. Civ. de Mexique_, Tom. i, p. 74.

[33-] Herrera, _Hist. de las Indias Occidentales_, Dec. ii, Lib. iii, cap. 5.

[34-*] Acosta, _Hist. Nat. y Moral de las Indias_, Lib. vii, cap. 5.

[34-] The story is given in Herrera, _Hist. de las Indias_, Dec. iv, Lib. viii, cap. 4. The name Coamizagual is translated in the account as ”Flying Tigress.” I cannot a.s.sign it this sense in any dialect.

[34-] Jacinto de la Serna, _Manual de Ministros_. p. 138. Sahagun identifies Quilaztli with Tonantzin, the common mother of mankind and G.o.ddess of child-birth (_Hist. de Nueva Espana_, Lib. i, cap. 6, Lib.

vi, cap. 27). Further particulars of her are related by Torquemada, _Monarquia Indiana_, Lib. ii, cap. 2. The _tzitzime_ were mysterious elemental powers, who, the Nahuas believed, were destined finally to destroy the present world (Sahagun, l. c., Lib. vi, cap. 8). The word means ”flying haired” (Serna).

[34--] Torquemada, _Monarquia Indiana_, Lib. ii, cap. 62.

[35-*] Fr. Tomas Coto, _Diccionario de la Lengua Cakchiquel_, MS., s. v.

_Sacrificar_; in the Library of the American Philosophical Society at Philadelphia.

[35-] ”Trataron de valerse del arte de los encantos y _naguales_” are the words of the author, Fuentes y Guzman, in his _Recordacion Florida_, Tom. i, p. 50. In the account of Bernal Diaz, it reads as if this witch and her dog had both been sacrificed; but Fuentes is clear in his statement, and had other doc.u.ments at hand.

[35-] Teobert Maler, ”Memoire sur l'Etat de Chiapas,” in the _Revue d'

Ethnographie_, Tom. iii, pp. 309-311. This writer also gives some valuable facts about the Indian insurrection in the Sierra de Alicia, in 1873.

[36-*] The long account given by Mr H. H. Bancroft of this insurrection is a travesty of the situation drawn from bitterly prejudiced Spanish sources, of course, utterly out of sympathy with the motives which prompted the native actors. See his _History of the Pacific States_, Vol ii, p. 696 _sqq._ Ordonez y Aguiar, who lived on the spot within a generation of the occurrences recognizes in Maria Candelaria (whose true name Bancroft does not give) the real head of the rebellion, ”quien ordenaba los ardides del motin; .... de lo que princ.i.p.almente trataban las leyes fundamentales de su secta, era de que no quedase rastro alguno de que los Europeos havian pisado este suelo.” His account is in his unpublished work, _Historia del Cielo y de la Tierra_, written at Guatemala about 1780. Juarros, speaking of their rites, says of them: ”Apostando de la fe, profanando los vasos sagrados, y ofreciendo sacrilegos cultos a una indizuela.” _Historia de la Ciudad de Guatemala_, Tom. i, p. 17.

[36-] Bancroft, ubi supra, p. 705, note. One was hanged, whom Garcia Pelaez calls ”una india bruja.” _Memorias para la Historia de Guatemala_, Tom. ii, p. 153.

[36-] Squier, ubi supra, pa.s.sim.

[37-*] _Voyage a l' Isthmus de Tehuantepec_, p. 164. He adds a number of particulars of the power she was supposed to exercise.

[38-*] ”Que era venerado en todo el imperio de Montezuma.” See _Diccionario Universal_, Appendice, s. v. (Mexico, 1856).

[38-] ”Da.s.s der Gott Tepeyollotl im Zapotekenlande und weiter sudwarts seine Wurzeln hat, und dem eigentlichen Aztekischen Olymp fremd ist, daruber kann kein Zweifel mehr obwalten.” See Dr. Seler's able discussion of the subject in the _Compte-Rendu_ of the Seventh International Congress of Americanists, p. 559, _seq._ The adoption of subterranean temples was peculiarly a Zapotecan trait. ”Notandose princ.i.p.almente en muchos adoratorios de los Zapotecos, estan los mas de ellos cubiertos, en subterraneos es.p.a.ciosos y lbregos.” Carriedo, _Estudios Historicos_, Tom. i, p. 26.

[39-*] _Const.i.tuciones Diocesanas_, pp. 9, 10.

[39-] Gage, _A New Survey of the West Indies_, pp. 389, 393.

[39-] _Teatro Mexicano_, Tratado iii, cap. 11. Mr. Bandelier has called attention to the naming of one of the princ.i.p.al chiefs among the Aztecs, _Tlilancalqui_, ”Man of the Dark House,” and thinks it related to the Votan myth. _Twelfth Annual Report of the Peabody Museum_, p. 689.

[40-*] Herrera, _Historia de las Indias Occidentales_, Dec. iii, Lib.

iii, cap. 14.

[40-] Villa Senor, _Teatro Americano_, Lib. v, cap. 38 (Mexico, 1747).

Father Cavo adds that there were signs of human sacrifices present, but of this I can find no evidence in the earlier reports. Comp. Cavo, _Los Tres Siglos de Mexico durante el Gobierno Espa.n.a.l[TN-14]_, Tom. ii, p.

128.