Part 3 (1/2)
Until the period of which rite, the area enclosed by the Tower fortifications lay wholly _within_, and to the west of the ancient city wall, which had been utilized to forely increased by the addition of a new outer ward, ”W,” extending entirely round the fortress, having a new curtain wall of _stone_, furnished with two large bastions (now entirely re-e Mount” and ”Brass Mount” towers, ”S” and ”T” The so-called ”North Bastion,” capping the salient angle of the wall between the a purely modern work of recent date, has been _intentionally_ oe addition To the east of the White Tower, the old Roman city wall, where it crossed the line of the neorks (see plan), was entirely dehty feet further to the east, and studded with numerous towers at frequent intervals, took its place, and on the north, west, and south replaced the former palisaded bank and ditch Most of these towers, as at first constructed, were probably open at the gorge, or inner face, and not until a later period were they raised a stage, closed at the gorge, and in several instances had the early fighting platfor
When the reo by the res formerly known as the ”Great Wardrobe,”
”z” about sixteen feet of the Roman city as found to have been incorporated with it; and so recently as 1904 several excavations were made immediately to the south of it in order to ascertain, if possible, whether any traces of the continuation southwards towards the river of the line of the Ro the point at which it turned ards; but the des upon the site have been so numerous and so frequent that all traces have been obliterated, nor is it probable that any other remains of the Roman ill ever be laid bare within the Tower area[28]
A plain outer wall, devoid of towers, faced the river, and soateway le of the new outer ward, where now stands the Byward Gate, ”F” The inner as probably entered by a gate, now replaced by the bloody Tower Gate, ”m” A wide and deep ditch was also excavated round the neorks, which the Chancellor appears to have expected would be filled by the Thames; but inasmuch as it was not provided with any da the water when the tide was out (a work carried out successfully in a later reign), the chroniclers record with great exultation that this part of Longchamp's as a coreater part of the inner ward, ”7,” is (as will be seen by the figures upon the plan, which represent the heights in feet above the mean sea-level) some fifteen feet _above_ that of the outer ward, and but little below that of Great Tower Hill It seems probable that champ was piled up round the western and northern sides of this inner ward, thus co plinth of the keep (now only visible at the south-eastern angle), while at the same tithened the city side of the fortress against any attack
Whilst these works were in progress, the Chancellor seems to have seized upon some lands of the Priory of the Holy Trinity in East S to St Katherine's Hospital These illegal usurpations, coupled with his excessive and unscrupulous taxation of clergy and laity alike for the conduct of these neorks, seenation at the tih-handed proceedings appear to have for years afterwards, a rent, by way of compensation for the land so unjustly taken, was paid by Edward I
In 3 Richard I the Pipe Roll records further expenditure upon lime, stone, timber, brushwood, ”crates” (a kind of wickerwork hurdle), and stakes or piles for works at the Tower
In 5 Richard I there is an outlay upon a ”paliciu engines) and other things necessary,” ”circa turrim Lond,” which probably refers to an outwork or barbican covering the western entrance gate, for the expression ”turrim”
must here be taken in its widest sense as we should now e not merely the keep, but the whole castle
The total an was only 280 14s 10d, so that all the extensive neorks previously referred to were probably coht that undue importance has been attached to the extensive use of timber stockades or palisades for the first defensive works at the Tower, it may here be conveniently pointed out that, with but few exceptions, the early castles were of earth and timber only
The keep-towers, as well as the palisades, were of timber, and the constant eineers extended into the fourteenth century![30]
The lower bailey of the royal castle at Windsor was not walled with stone until 1227, yet we find it in 1216 successfully resisting for upwards of _three ines) by the combined forces of the French and the Barons[31]
Still later, we find Edward I erecting a strong temporary castle _in tiain, in his Scotch war, building satehouses, _in tiow, Lochmaben, Selkirk, and elsewhere in 1300 and subsequent years
The Pipe Rolls of John show an outlay for the entire reign of some 420 19s 8d on sundry works at the Tower, carried out by Master Elias, the engineer, and Master Robert de Hotot, the master carpenter; but, save for the stereotyped ite the ditch on the north towards the city, and building a mud or clay wall round the Tower precinct or ”liberty” (frequentlyis named, except the ”Church of St Peter at the Tower,” fro to one Osbert, a knight, a gift of ten s to buy a horse for his journey to Poitou The Devereux tower, ”c,” the Bell tower, ”a,”
Wardrobe tower, ”s,” and Cold Harbour gate, were probably all con of Henry III, during which the various Rolls are full of detailed information as to alterations, repairs, and neorks at the Tohich, full of interest as they are, considerations of space forbid our quoting _in extenso_
In 1221 occurs the first instance of a body of prisoners being sent to the Tower They were taken at the siege of Bytham Castle, in Lincolnshi+re, from whence seven men with carts were es were made for their safe custody New barriers _in timber_ were erected, and a asin the base the hall is built, probably the upper story of the Hall tower, ”l,” having a roof of lead, and a chapel or oratory, which still exists in this tower, and so helps in its identification
The Liberate Roll of 23 Henry III contains directions fro and painting of the Queen's chas, and cause the drain of our private chamber to be made in the fashi+on of a hollow colu's favourite clerk and famous pluralist, John Mansel), shall more fully declare unto thee”[34]
The chronicler records the fall of a handsoe's Day, April 23rd, 1240, probably fro of it, ordered the fallen structure to be ain, which the chronicler states was due to the supernatural interference of St Tho sorry, for they had been told that a great number of separate cells had been constructed in the fallen towers, to the end that ht be confined in divers prisons, and yet have no communication one with another[35]
After more than 12,000 , in order to propitiate the saint, after ordering the tower to be rebuilt for the third time, and called by his name, also ordered a small oratory to be constructed in its south-east turret Whether the saint allowed hireater care had been bestowed upon its foundations, this tohich at first served as the water gate of the fortress, and was known as that of St Tho-place for state prisoners, and thence derived its dismal but better known appellation of ”Traitors'
Gate”
This tower, though ”restored” in 1866, still stands as solidly as when first erected Its wide interior arch of sixty-one feet span, with joggled arch stones, is a endwas engaged in constructing all the great works upon the south or river front of the Tower The Middle Tower gate, ”E,” the Byward Tower gate, ”F,” the daate, ”I,” the Lanthorn tower, ”k,” its new turret, ”J,” the south postern or Cradle tower, ”K,” the Well tower, ”L,” the tower leading to the east postern, ”M,”[36] the dae and sluices for the retention of the water in the ditch, and the east postern, ”N,”
were each and all of them works of sufficient importance to be replaced, no matter what the cost, when destroyed by the subsidence of foundations probably insufficient when placed upon a footing of wet and treacherous London clay so near the shi+fting foreshore of the river The great quay, or wharf, ”Kaia Regis,” ”O,” is firstbeen (albeit unconsciously) the founder of the present Zoological Society h Henry I had a collection of wild beasts at Woodstock Palace,[37] yet in this reign the erie at the Tower is first mentioned
In 1252 a white bear from Norway is recorded as kept at the Tower, and the sheriffs of London are directed to pay 4d a day for his sustenance and that of his keeper, with achain to hold hiam, et fortem cordam ad tenendum eundem ursu strong cord to hold the said bear when fishi+ng in the water of Thames![38]
Already in 1235 the E three leopards, in allusion to the royal arland