Part 1 (2/2)

12. Square.

13. Compa.s.s.

14. Draw-knife.

15. Rule.

16. Two Gages.

17. Set of Firmer Chisels.

18. Two Mortising Chisels.

19. Small Back Saw.

20. Saw Clamps.

21. Miter Box.

22. Bevel Square.

23. Small Hand Square.

24. Pliers.

25. Pair of Awls.

26. Hand Clamps.

27. Set Files.

28. Glue Pot.

29. Oil Stone.

30. Grindstone.

31. Trusses.

32. Work Bench.

33. Plumb Bob.

34. Spirit Level.

THE HATCHET.--The hatchet should be ground with a bevel on each side, and not on one side only, as is customary with a plasterer's lathing hatchet, because the blade of the hatchet is used for tr.i.m.m.i.n.g off the edges of boards. Unless ground off with a bevel on both sides it cannot be controlled to cut accurately. A light hatchet is preferable to a heavy one. It should never be used for nailing purposes, except in emergencies. The pole of the hammer--that part which is generally used to strike the nail with--is required in order to properly balance the hatchet when used for tr.i.m.m.i.n.g material.

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Fig. 2._]

THE CLAW HAMMER.--This is the proper tool for driving nails and for drawing them out. Habits should be formed with the beginner, which will be of great service as the education proceeds.

One of these habits is to persist in using the tool for the purpose for which it was made. The expert workman (and he becomes expert because of it) makes the hammer do its proper work; and so with every other tool.

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Fig. 3._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: _Fig. 4._]

ABOUT SAWS.--There are four well-defined kinds. First, a long, flat saw, for cross-cutting. Second, a slightly larger saw for ripping purposes.

Third, a back saw, with a rib on the rear edge to hold the blade rigid, used for making tenons; and, fourth, a compa.s.s or keyhole saw.

CROSS-CUTS.--The difference between a cross-cut and a rip saw is, that in the latter the teeth have less pitch and are usually larger than in the cross-cut saw. The ill.u.s.trations (Figs. 13 and 14) will distinctly show the difference in the teeth. When a cross-cut saw is used for ripping along the grain of the wood, the teeth, if disposed at an angle, will ride over the grain or fiber of the wood, and refuse to take hold or bite into the wood. On the other hand, if the rip saw is used for cross-cutting purposes, the saw kerf will be rough and jagged.

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