Part 4 (1/2)
The author was anxious that my translation should be submitted in the proof-sheets to a philosophical friend of his in Petersburg, who read English, in order that the latter might see if I had caught the sense of the somewhat abstract and complicated propositions. It became a problem how those proof-sheets were to reach me safely and promptly. The problem was solved by having them directed outright to the censor's office, whence they were delivered to me; and, as there proved to be nothing to alter, they speedily returned to America as a registered parcel. My own opinion now is that they would not have reached me a whit less safely or promptly had they been addressed straight to me. The bound volumes of my translation were so addressed later on, and I do not think that they were even opened at the office, the law to the contrary notwithstanding.
All this time I had been receiving a New York weekly paper with very little delay and no mutilation. But at this juncture an amiable friend subscribed in my name for the ”Century,” and I determined to make a personal trial of the workings of the censors.h.i.+p in as strong a case as I could have found had I deliberately desired to invent a test case. I may as well remark here that ”the censor” is not the hard-worked, omnivorous reader of mountains of print and ma.n.u.script which the words represent to the mind of the ordinary foreigner. The work of auditing literature, so to speak, is subdivided among such a host of men that office hours are brief, much of the foreign reading, at least, is done at home, and the lucky members of the committee keep themselves agreeably posted upon matters in general while enjoying the fruits of office.
The censor's waiting-room was well patronized on my arrival. An official who was holding a consultation with one of the visitors inquired my business. I stated it briefly, and shortly afterwards he retired into an adjoining room, which formed the beginning of a vista of apartments and officials. While I waited, a couple of men were attended to so near me that I heard their business. It consisted in obtaining official permission to print the bills and programmes of a musical and variety entertainment. To this end they had brought not only the list of performers and proposed selections, but also the pictures for advertis.e.m.e.nt, and the music which was to be given. As the rare traveler who can read Russian is already aware, the programme of every public performance bears the printed authorization of the censor, as a matter of course, quite as much as does a book. It is an easy way of controlling the character of a.s.semblages, the value of which can hardly be disputed even by those prejudiced persons who insist upon seeing in this Russian proceeding something more arbitrary than the ordinary city license which is required for performances elsewhere, or the Lord Chancellor's license which is required in England. In Russia, as elsewhere, an ounce of prevention is worth fully a pound of cure. This, by the way, is the only form in which a foreigner is likely to come in contact with the domestic censure in Russia, unless he should wish to insert an advertis.e.m.e.nt in a newspaper, or issue printed invitations to a gathering at his house, or send news telegrams. In these cases he may be obliged to submit to delay in the appearance of his advertis.e.m.e.nt, or requested to go to the elegance and expense of engraved invitations, or to detain his telegram for a day or two. Such things are not unknown in Germany.
Just as these gentlemen had paid their fee, and resigned their doc.u.ments to the official who had charge of their case, another official issued from the inner room, approached me, requested me to sign my name in a huge ledger, and, that being done, thrust into my hands a bulky ma.n.u.script and departed. The ma.n.u.script had a taking t.i.tle, but I did not pause to examine it. Penetrating the inner sanctum, I brought out the official and endeavored to return the packet. He refused to take it, --it was legally mine. This contest lasted for several minutes, until I saw a literary-looking man enter from the anteroom and look rather wildly at us. Evidently this was the owner, and, elevating the ma.n.u.script, I inquired if it were his. He hastened to my a.s.sistance and proved his rights. But as erasures do not look well in account-books, and as my name already occupied the s.p.a.ce allotted to that particular parcel, he was not requested to sign for it, and I believe that I am still legally qualified to read, perform, or publish--whatever it was --that talented production.
A dapper little gentleman, with a dry, authoritative air, then emerged and a.s.sumed charge of me. I explained my desire to receive, uncensured, a journal which was prohibited.
”Certainly,” said he, without inquiring how I knew the facts. ”Just write down your application and sign it.”
”I don't know the form,” I answered.
He seemed surprised at my ignorance of such an every-day detail, but fetched paper and dictated a pet.i.tion, which I wrote down and signed.
When we reached the point where the name of the publication was to be inserted, he paused to ask: ”How many would you like?”
”How many copies of the 'Century'? Only one,” said I.
”No, no; how many periodical publications would you like?”
”How many can I have on this pet.i.tion?” I retorted in Yankee fas.h.i.+on.
”As many as you please. Do you want four--six--eight? Write in the names legibly.”
I gasped, but told him that I was not grasping; I preferred to devote my time to Russian publications while in Russia, and that I would only add the name of the weekly which I was already receiving, merely with the object of expediting its delivery a little. The doc.u.ment was then furnished with the regulation eighty-kopek stamp (worth at that time about thirty-seven cents), and the business was concluded. As I was in summer quarters out of town, and it was not convenient for me to call in person and inquire whether permission had been granted, another stamp was added to insure the answer being sent to me. The license arrived in a few days, and the magazine began to come promptly, unopened. I was not even asked not to show it to other people. I may state here that, while I never circulated any of the numerous prohibited books and ma.n.u.scripts which came into my possession during my stay in Russia, I never concealed them. I showed the ”Century” occasionally to personal friends of the cla.s.s who could have had it themselves had they taken any permanent interest in the matter; but it is certain that they kept their own counsel and mine in all respects.
Everything proceeded satisfactorily until I went to Moscow to stay for a time. It did not occur to me to inform the censor of my move, and the result was that the first number of the magazine which I received there was as fine a ”specimen” as heart could desire. The line on the t.i.tle-page which referred to the obnoxious article had been scratched out; the body of the article had been cut out; the small concluding portion at the top of a page had been artistically ”caviared.” Of course, the article ending upon the back of the first page extracted had been spoiled. On this occasion I was angry, not at the mutilation as such, but at the breach of faith. I sat down, while my wrath was still hot, and indited a letter to the head censor in Petersburg. I do not recollect the exact terms of that letter, but I know I told him that he had no right to cut the book after granting me leave to receive it intact, without first sending me word that he had changed his mind, and giving valid reasons therefor; that the course he had adopted was injudicious in the extreme, since it was calculated to arouse curiosity instead of allaying it, and that it would be much better policy to ignore the matter. I concluded by requesting him to restore the missing article, if he had preserved it, and if he had not, to send at once to London (that being nearer than New York) and order me a fresh copy of the magazine at his expense.
A month elapsed, no answer came; but at the end of the month another mutilated ”Century” arrived. This time I waited two or three days in the hope of inventing an epistle which should be more forcible--if such a thing were possible--than my last, and yet calm. The letter was half written when an official envelope made its appearance from Petersburg, containing cut pages and an apologetic explanation to the effect that the Moscow censor, through an oversight, had not been duly instructed in his duty toward me. A single glance showed me that the inclosed sheets belonged to the number just received, not to the preceding number. I drove immediately to the Moscow office and demanded the censor. ”You can tell me what you want with him,” said the ante-room Cerberus. ”Send me the censor,” said I. After further repet.i.tion, he retired and sent in a man who requested me to state my business. ”You are not the censor,” I said, after a glance at him. ”Send him out, or I will go to him.” Then they decided that I was a connoisseur in censors, and the proper official made his appearance, accompanied by an interpreter, on the strength of the foreign name upon my card. Convinced that the latter would not understand English well, like many Russians who can talk the language fluently enough, I declined his services, produced my doc.u.ments from the Petersburg censor, and demanded rest.i.tution of the other confiscated article. I obtained it, being allowed my pick from a neatly labeled package of contraband goods. That scratched, cut, caviared magazine is now in my possession, with the restored sheets and the censor's apology appended. It is my proof to unbelievers that the Russian censor is not so black as he is painted.
As we shook hands with this Moscow official, after a friendly chat, I asked him if he would be a little obtuse arithmetically as to the old and new style of reckoning, and let me have my January ”Century” if it arrived before my departure for Petersburg, as my license expired January 1. He smilingly agreed to do so. I also called on the Moscow book censor, to find some books. The courtesy and readiness to oblige me on the part of the officials had been so great, that I felt aggrieved upon this occasion when this censor requested me to return on the regular business day, and declined to overhaul his whole department for me on the spot. I did return on the proper day, and watched operations while due search was being made for my missing property. It reached me a few days later, unopened, the delay having occurred at my banker's, not in the post-office or censor's department.
On my return to Petersburg, my first visit was to the censor's office, where I copied my original pet.i.tion, signed it, and dismissed the matter from my mind until my February ”Century” reached me with one article missing and two articles spoiled. I paid another visit to the office, and was informed that my pet.i.tion for a renewal of permission had not been granted.
”Why didn't you send me word earlier?” I asked.
”We were not bound to do so without the extra stamp,” replied my dapper official.
”But why has my application been refused?”
”Too many people are seeing that journal; some one must be refused.”
”Nonsense,” said I. ”And if it is really so, _I_ am not the proper person to be rejected. It will hurt some of these Russian subscribers more than it will me, because it is only a question of _when_ I shall read it, not of whether I shall read it at all. I wonder that so many demoralizing things do not affect the officials. However, that is not the point; pray keep for your own use anything which you regard as deleterious to me. I am obliged to you for your consideration. But you have no right to spoil three or four articles; and by a proper use of scissors and caviare that can easily be avoided. In any case, it will be much better to give me the book unmutilated.”
The official and the occupants of the reception-room seemed to find my view very humorous; but he declared that he had no power in the matter.
”Very well,” said I, taking a seat. ”I will see the censor.
”I am the censor,” he replied.