Part 6 (1/2)

_Eleventh_, tools used.

_Twelfth_, wipe a slim joint.

_Thirteenth_, steady the work with the free hand.

_Fourteenth_, re-tin the ferrule, if necessary.

FOUR-INCH BRa.s.s FERRULE

The 4-inch bra.s.s ferrule joint is the same as the 2-inch, except for size. The materials needed for this joint are 6 inches of 4-inch, 8-pound lead pipe, and one 4-inch bra.s.s ferrule, one _full_ pot of solder, some paste and paper, rosin, and 1/2 and 1/2 solder.

TOOLS NECESSARY.--The tools required for this joint are as follows: saw, rasp, file, ladle, soldering iron, dresser, bending irons, shave hook, and wiping cloths.

PREPARATION.--_Lead Pipe._--With the saw cut off 6 inches of 4-inch lead pipe. This pipe comes in lengths and should be for this work about 8 pounds to the foot in weight. The pipe may be dented badly, but these dents can be taken out as follows: Take a piece of 2-inch iron pipe and put it in a vise. The lead pipe can be slipped over this iron pipe and any dents taken out easily by beating with the dresser. One end of the lead pipe is beaten with the dresser until it fits into the ferrule. The end is then rasped a little.

Then, after the bra.s.s ferrule has been tinned, the pipe is fitted into it and beaten out against the inside wall of the bra.s.s ferrule and a tight joint is made. The lead is next cleaned with the shave hook and paper is pasted on as explained under the 2-inch bra.s.s ferrule, the description of which should now be read over.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 26.--Four-inch bra.s.s ferrule.]

_Bra.s.s Ferrule._--The first thing to do with the bra.s.s ferrule is to file the end that is to be wiped. When the bra.s.s ferrule is filed, it should be done away from any part of the room where the filings are likely to get into the solder. After the filing has been done, paper is pasted on all of it except the part that is to be tinned and no paste must get on to this part of the ferrule. If any paste does get on to it, the filing will have to be done over again. When using paste and paper, neatness must be cultivated, or paste will be spread over parts of the pipe that are supposed not to have any paste on them. Next, take the soldering iron and heat it. Take some rosin and put it on the exposed part of the ferrule.

With the hot soldering iron proceed to tin the bra.s.s ferrule, as explained before, with 1/2 and 1/2 solder, using rosin as a flux.

Now the lead pipe that has previously been prepared is fitted into the ferrule.

SUPPORTING.--Set the bra.s.s ferrule on a catch pan. The lead pipe is upright. A weight placed on top of the lead pipe will steady the pipe for wiping. When the joint is wiped the free hand can hold the pipe if the weight is not sufficient to support it.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 27.--Four-inch bra.s.s ferrule.]

WIPING.--Splash the solder on the joint from the ladle, in the same manner as was employed in the two preceding joints. To get the proper heat on the 4-inch joint a little more speed is necessary, also the constant working of the solder around the pipe. The ladle is constantly moved around the pipe so that all parts of the pipe will be evenly heated and come into contact with the hot solder direct from the ladle. When the solder works freely around the pipe and the top edge is hot, the joint is shaped by holding the wiping cloth in the right hand, with the index and the middle fingers spread to the opposite corners of the cloth. The fingers are placed one on the top edge and one on the bottom edge. The cloth is then pa.s.sed around the joint as far as possible. Then the cloth is taken in the left hand, with the fingers spread, and pa.s.sed around the rest of the joint. If the solder does not take the shape of the cloth readily, then the solder is not at the right heat. This joint should be wiped very slim to allow room for the caulking tools.

When this joint is once started, it should not be left until it has been wiped, otherwise a large amount of solder will acc.u.mulate on the joint and will be hard to get off.

POINTS TO REMEMBER.--

_First_, material.

_Second_, tools.

_Third_, tin ferrule.

_Fourth_, use the dresser to fit the lead into the ferrule.

_Fifth_, clean the lead with the shave hook, and paper.

_Sixth_, use the catch cloth and ladle.

_Seventh_, keep the top edge covered with hot solder.

_Eighth_, wipe the top edge first.

_Ninth_, make a slim joint.