Part 8 (1/2)

Tallow 75-90 parts Cocoanut oil 25-10 parts

PALM BASE.

Bleached Lagos palm oil 75-80 parts Cocoanut oil 25-20 parts

or

Tallow 30 parts Palm oil 60 parts Cocoanut oil 10 parts

OLIVE OIL BASE (WHITE).

Olive oil 75-90 parts Cocoanut oil 25-10 parts

or

Olive oil 40 parts Tallow 40 parts Cocoanut 20 parts

Where a green olive oil base is desired, olive oil foots are subst.i.tuted for the olive oil. Peanut oil may replace the olive oil or part of it, the same being true of sesame oil and poppy seed oil.

PALM AND OLIVE BASE.

Palm oil 50 parts Olive oil 30 parts Cocoanut oil 20 parts

or

Palm oil 20 parts Olive oil 10 parts Tallow 50 parts Cocoanut oil 20 parts

CHEAPER TOILET SOAPS.

It is often necessary to manufacture a cheaper grade of soap for toilet purposes to meet the demand of a certain cla.s.s of trade as well as for export. To accomplish this it is of course necessary to produce a very inferior product and run down the percentage of fatty acids contained in the soaps by the addition of fillers or to use cheaper oils in manufacturing. The most simple method of filling a soap is to load it at the mill with some substance much less expensive than the soap itself.

Many of the cheaper toilet soaps, however, are not milled and it is, therefore, necessary to follow out some other procedure.

Milled soaps, as has just been stated, are loaded at the mill. The consumers of cheaper toilet soaps in this country are accustomed to a milled soap and this grade of soap for home consumption is very often filled with numerous substances, but most generally by adding starch and talc. The addition of such materials of course later exhibit themselves by imparting to the cake of soap a dead appearance. Talc is more readily detected in the soap than starch by was.h.i.+ng with it, as talc is insoluble and imparts a roughness to the soap, like sand or pumice, as the soap wears down. It may readily be added to 20 per cent.

by weight. Starch is to be preferred to talc, in loading a soap, as it is not so readily noticeable in was.h.i.+ng. It leaves the cake itself absolutely smooth although the lather formed is more s.h.i.+ny. This substance may be employed to as high a percentage as one-third the weight of the soap. It is, of course, possible to cheapen the best soap base by this method and the price may be further lowered by using the less expensive oils and fats to make the soap base.

RUN AND GLUED UP SOAPS.

A very cheap grade of soap may be made by making a run soap and adding the filler e. g. sodium silicate in the kettle during saponification.

The percentage of fatty acids may be brought down to 10 per cent., although of course a soap of this type shrinks a whole lot upon exposure.

In making a ”glued up” soap the procedure is the same for making the soap itself as with a settled soap, except that the soap is finished ”curd” and later filled in the crutcher. The percentage of fatty acids in a soap of this type is seldom below 50 per cent.

The method of ”gluing up” a soap is best ill.u.s.trated by a typical soap of this character in which the kettle is charged with the following stock.

Bleached palm oil 5 parts Distilled grease 2 ”

Cotton oil foots stock, 63% fatty acid 1 ”

Rosin 4 ”