Part 1 (2/2)

Zeppelin and His Airs.h.i.+ps

Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin was born at Constance on Lake Constance (Bodensee), Germany, July 8th, 1838. His boyhood was not unlike that of others in Central Europe; and, as a matter of course, young Zeppelin was enrolled at a military school at Ludwigsburg, from which he in due time graduated into a lieutenancy in the Wurttemberg Army, but he was not particularly enthralled with the quiet life of a garrison in peace time.

His creative faculties demanded something more of life than the routine of inspections, drills and dress parades. When he died on March 8, 1917, in Berlin, the whole world mourned the loss of one whose genius and vision had developed the rigid airs.h.i.+p into a practical vehicle of the sky, proved of inestimable value in peace and war. Zeppelin had lived to see _more than a hundred rigid airs.h.i.+ps built_ from his designs and under his personal supervision. And so completely was his personality interwoven with the creation of these aerial giants that throughout the world all dirigible lighter-than-air craft are looked upon as the noted Zeppelins, and are referred to as such. It is an unconscious but none the less fitting tribute to the man who, starting when he was past the half century mark, has made possible the greatest of all vehicles for us to use in our new dominion-the air.

An Officer in the American Union Army

[PLATE 2: Zeppelin ”LZ-3” Over Count Zeppelin's First Floating Shed October 1906.

Zeppelin ”LZ-3” in First Temporary Land Shed.

Which was erected and used while the new double shed, completed in 1908, was being built at Friedrichshafen.]

Here in America the Civil War was attracting the adventurous from all parts of the world and shortly after it started, Zeppelin came over to join the Union Army as a volunteer officer and thus to add to his military education, but Zeppelin was not only the officer. He loved to roam in out of the way places and whenever opportunity afforded he organized hunting parties and went off on long sojourns in the then spa.r.s.ely inhabited regions of the Mississippi Valley. Here he played the explorer and wrote letters back home dwelling on the pleasures of exploration and the possibilities in store for him who could invent something that would take one to the far and inaccessible parts of the earth.

Zeppelin's First Rigid Design

His impressions gained during the American Civil War, where he had the opportunity of making captive balloon ascensions, and also in the Franco-German War where he had the opportunity of watching the numerous balloons leaving Paris during the siege, no doubt, first originated in Zeppelin's mind the thought of developing a large rigid airs.h.i.+p. In fact, as early as 1873 he designed a large rigid airs.h.i.+p, sub-divided into single compartments and he emphasized the importance of such aircraft for long distance transportation in order to help in the civilization of mankind.

In 1887 Zeppelin submitted a memorandum to the King of Wurttemberg in which he explained in detail the requirements of a really successful airs.h.i.+p and stated many reasons why such airs.h.i.+ps ought to be large and of rigid construction. However, nothing of importance was actually accomplished until he resigned as a General in 1891 in order to give his full time to his invention.

[PLATE 3: Zeppelin ”LZ-4” Starting From the Floating Shed on a Twenty-four Hour Flight, June 1908.

Count Zeppelin's Second Floating Shed With Zeppelin ”LZ-5”.

Lake Constance (Bodensee) 1908.]

In 1894 at the age of 56 years, with the a.s.sistance of an Engineer, Kober, he had completed the design of a rigid airs.h.i.+p, and the modern rigid airs.h.i.+p of today is not essentially different from Zeppelin's first design. He submitted these designs to a special committee that had been appointed by the most famous of the German scientific authorities and was greatly disappointed over the decision of the committee which, although they could not find any essential faults in the Count's design, could not recommend that an airs.h.i.+p be built in accordance with Zeppelin's plans. Admitting that he was not the first to conceive the idea of rigid airs.h.i.+ps, Count Zeppelin, however, insisted that he had arrived at new principles and that these principles were sound. There had been several attempts to build rigids, but there always had been too much weight of the necessarily voluminous framework, which so anch.o.r.ed the craft with its own weight that it could not lift itself. The discovery of aluminum made this problem less difficult, however, and many models were designed with the framework of this light material.

Two years after Count Zeppelin had completed his first designs and while he was still endeavoring to arouse enough interest to warrant the construction of a rigid s.h.i.+p, an aluminum framework rigid s.h.i.+p was built by another group near Berlin. This s.h.i.+p was of approximately 150 feet in length, but of an essentially different design from Zeppelin's. The outer cover was made of metal. On its first trial flight it was compelled to land, due to engine trouble and the fact that the framework of the s.h.i.+p was not strong enough to stand the stresses of the landing, caused it to go to pieces and this failure was quickly seized upon by the then existing adversaries of the rigid airs.h.i.+p as an argument against the construction of rigid airs.h.i.+ps with a metal framework. This was unfortunate to the cause of rigid airs.h.i.+ps, because while Zeppelin had not been identified with that attempt, all experimenters were included in the popular condemnation.

Zeppelin's improvements were beginning to be recognized and admitted, but the money necessary for the development was not forthcoming.

Financing the First Zeppelin Company

[PLATE 4: Zeppelin ”LZ-5” On an Excursion With Members of the German Parliament Aboard. Autumn 1908.

Zeppelin ”LZ-6” and ”Deutschland” in the First Double Shed at Friedrichshafen.]

Zeppelin, in spite of many difficulties, succeeded in enlisting the necessary private capital and in 1898 organized a stock company (Aktiengesellschaft zur Foerderung der Motorluftschiffahrt) to promote motor airs.h.i.+p flights. It had a paid in capital of one million marks ($238,000).

With his characteristic sound judgment and thoroughness of purpose, Count Zeppelin chose the Lake Constance (Bodensee) country for his initial efforts. He had known the lake and local weather conditions from boyhood and was convinced that the smooth ample surface of this beautiful lake offered the best facilities for the handling, starting and landing of these extremely large craft, though it was not long before enough had been learned to alight with them on land.

Now the giant Zeppelins can land at will with perfect safety on either land or water.

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